Respiratory System Flashcards
(47 cards)
What are the three abnormal lung sounds?
- crackles
- ronchi
- wheezing
What is crackles?
The popping open of alveoli collapsed by fluid/exudate
- high pitch, hoping noise
What is ronchi?
secretions in airway
- heard on inspiration and expiration
- loud, low, coarse like snore
What is wheezing?
narrowing/ obstruction in respiratory tree
- musical whistling noise
What is respiratory distress?
hypoxia
- restlessness, anxiousness, dyspnea, tripod positioning, altered LOC, tachypnea, Brady pea, apnea, nasal flaring, grunting, cap refill less then 3 seconds
What is pneumonia?
infection of the lungs
- inflammation of the alveoli, decreased gas exchange
What is the symptoms of pneumonia?
O: obliterated lung sounds/crackles
U: unusual breathing pattern
C: chest pain
H: HR elevated
Y: yucky production cough (yellow/rusty)
C: chills
O:ongoing tachypnea
U: unusal fatigue
G: grasping for air
H: high fever
What is the treatment of pneumonia?
antibiotics(need sputum culture) , rest, plenty of fluids, Tylenol
What is COPD?
chronic and progressive inflammatory lung disease
- obstructed airway flow, caused by irritants
What is the symptoms of COPD?
T: thin with barrel chest
H: has chronic cough
E: eventual cor pulmonale
P: prolonged expiration
U: use of expiratory muscles
F: fatigue
F: frothy sputum
O: orthropnea/ dyspnea
R: retains o2
F: finger clubbing
I: increased respiratory infections
S: sounds wheezy
H: hyper resonance
What is the treatment of COPD?
symptom management, stop smoking, pursed lip breathing, bronchodilator, steroids(puffers)
What is the diagnosis of COPD?
symptoms, x-ray, spirometry testing, CT scan, ABG, bronchoscope
What is asthma?
chronic inflammatory airway disease, airway obstruction and bronchospasm, caused by genetic/ environmental factors
What is the symptoms of asthma?
W: wheezing
E: expiratory wheezing
C: coughing
A: are SOB
R: restless? cyanosis
E: experience tightness in chest
What is the treatment of asthma?
identify and avoid trigger
acute: inhalers(bronchodilators, corticosteroids
chronic: IV corticosteroids, Mg Sulfate/ hospitalization
What is the diagnosis of asthma?
pattern of symptoms, response to treatment, spirometry testing
What is cystic fibrosis?
genetic(autosomal recessive gene)- both parents are carriers
- effects exocrine glands (pancreatic ducts/intestines/bronchi) causing thick mucus production and repeated respiratory infection
NO CURE
What is the symptoms of cystic fibrosis?
S: steatorrhea
L: low absorption of vitamins/ enzymes
I: is always coughing
M: meconium, ileus in newborn
E: expanding abdo girth
Y: yucky cough
L: lethargy
U: upper resp infections
N: no digestive enzymes
G: gets clubbing/ barrel chest
S: steady hypoxia
What is the treatment of cystic fibrosis?
take pancreatic enzymes 3o mins of eating, Vitamin A D E K soluble, high fat/calories/protein/salt diet, pulmonary therapy
What is the diagnosis of cystic fibrosis?
sweat chloride test
What is TB?
serious airborne lung infection caused by mycobacterium TB
What is the symptoms of TB?
F: fever
R: rusty sputum
A: a chronic cough
I: increased perspiration
L: loss of weight
What is the treatment of TB?
medication and antibiotics over long period of time
What is the diagnosis of TB?
chest x-ray, tb skin test, sputum culture
