Cardiac System

Question 1

3 layers of heart tissue

Answer 1

pericardium
myocardium
endocardium

Question 2

pericardium has (1) how many layers (2)what are they?

Answer 2

1) 2

2) parietal/ fibrous & visceral/ smooth

Question 3

Parietal/ fibrous Layer of the pericardium does what?

Answer 3

strengthens and anchors the pericardium to the mediastinum

Question 4

visceral/ smooth layer of the pericardium does what?

Answer 4

adheres to parietal layer to form a tight covering over the heart’s surface

Question 5

visceral/smooth layer of the pericardium is aka?

Answer 5

epicardium

Question 6

parietal and visceral layers of pericardium are separated by what?

Answer 6

pericardial cavity

Question 7

the pericardial cavity contains ________ that acts as lube

Answer 7

pericardial fluid

Question 8

myocardium is composed of what type of muscle?

Answer 8

cardiac muscle

Question 9

thickest layer of heart tissue

Answer 9

myocardium

Question 10

inner most lining of the walls of the heart chambers and valves

Answer 10

endocardium

Question 11

the endocardium lines what?

Answer 11

the inner layer of the myocardium

Question 12

path of heart conductors

Answer 12

SA node to AV Node to AV Bundle (Bundle of His) to purkinje fibers

Question 13

AV Bundle/ Bundle of His is located where?

Answer 13

interventricular septum

Question 14

Purkinje fibers are located where?

Answer 14

in the myocardium

Question 15

blood flow path

Answer 15

right atria > right ventricle > pulmonary artery >lung> pulmonary vein > left atria> Left ventricle > aorta

Question 16

blood flows into the right atria via what?

Answer 16

superior/inferior vena cava, coronary sinus , anterior cardiac veins

Question 17

After blood flows into the right atria, it flows through the _________ aka ____ _____ _____

Answer 17

tricuspid valve aka right atrioventricular valve

Question 18

After blood flows through the tricuspid (RAV Valve) what happens?

Answer 18

the SA node depolarizes and the RA free wall contracts pushing more blood into the right ventricle

Question 19

after blood flows into the right ventricle what happens?

Answer 19

the av node depolarizes contracting the right ventricle , tricuspid (RAV valve) closes, pulmonary (semilunar) valve opens

Question 20

what causes the first heart sound?

Answer 20

the tricuspid / R AV Valve closes

Question 21

after tricuspid valve (R AV Valve) closes and pulmonary (semilunar valve) opens what happens?

Answer 21

blood flows into the pulmonary artery

Question 22

What causes the pulmonary (semilunar) valve to close?

Answer 22

pressure in the pulmonary artery when the blood flows into it from the R ventricle

Question 23

What causes the 2nd heart sound?

Answer 23

the closing of the pulmonary (semilunar) valve

Question 24

blood flows from the pulmonary artery to what?

Answer 24

the lungs

Question 25

what happens to blood flow in lungs?

Answer 25

blood reaches alveolar capillaries for gas exchange

Question 26

what happens to blood flow after reaching the alveolar capillaries in the lungs and gas exchange?

Answer 26

the blood flows through the pulmonary vein into the left atria

Question 27

blood flows from the left atria (LA) through what, into where?

Answer 27

bicuspid / LAV valve, into the left ventricle

Question 28

once blood flows through the bicuspid (LAV valve) what happens?

Answer 28

SA node depolarizes and the left atria free wall contracts and pushes blood into the left ventricle

Question 29

once blood flows into the left ventricle what happens?

Answer 29

the av node depolarizes causing the left ventricle contracts, bicuspid (LAV valve) closes and aortic (semilunar) valve opens

Question 30

after aortic valve opens what happens to blood flow?

Answer 30

blood flows into the aorta and pressure in the aorta closes the aortic valve

Question 31

what causes the aortic valve to close?

Answer 31

pressure in the aorta from the blood flow

Question 32

tricuspid (RAV) valve closes simultaneously with what to make the first heart sound?

Answer 32

the bicuspid (LAV) valve

Question 33

pulmonary (semilunar) valve closes simultaneously with what to make the second heart sound?

Answer 33

aortic (semilunar) valve

Question 34

SA Nodes make what contract?

Answer 34

the atria

Question 35

AV nodes make what contract?

Answer 35

ventricles

Question 36

What does it mean to say : cardiac muscle (the heart) has intrinsic properties

Answer 36

it contracts without neural stimulation

Question 37

______ _____ allow impulses to spread causing myocardium to act as a single unit

Answer 37

intercalated discs

Question 38

the rate and forcefulness of heart contraction depends on what type of factors

Answer 38

extrinsic

Question 39

What are the extrinsic factors that effect the heart's rate and forcefulness of contraction?

Answer 39

autonomic nervous system control & hormone activity

Question 40

Autonomic Nervous system inculdes

Answer 40

sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems

Question 41

Sympathetic nervous system hormones that effect the forcefulness and rate of heart contractions are (2)

Answer 41

epinephrine and norepinephrine

Question 42

epinephrine and norepinephrine have what type of effects?

Answer 42

chronotropic and inotropic effects

Question 43

this type of hormonal effect causes the heart to beat faster

Answer 43

chronotropic

Question 44

this type of hormonal effect causes the heart to beat more forcefully

Answer 44

inotropic

Question 45

Parasympathetic nervous system does what to the heart's contraction rate and forecefulness

Answer 45

slows the heart rate after fight or flight by controlling the atria

Question 46

sympathetic nervous system give you the ___ _ ___ response

Answer 46

fight or flight