Pulmonary Anatomy

Question 1

respiratory system’s basic function is what ? (2)

Answer 1

produce/metabolize vasoactive substances

filter blood for entry into the left atria

Question 2

the respiratory system has how many tracts?

Answer 2

2 (upper and lower)

Question 3

What are the 4 parts of the respiratory tract?

Answer 3

1) nose
2) sinus
3) pharynx
4) larynx

Question 4

the nose does what and is part of what tract?

Answer 4

filters large particles with hairs,

upper respiratory tract

Question 5

the sinus does what and is part of what tract?

Answer 5

warms air to body temperature / humidifies it to > 90%, and filters smaller objects
Upper respiratory tract

Question 6

the pharynx does what, is lined with what, and is part of which tract?

Answer 6

allows the passage of air and food
lined with a mucous membrane
upper respiratory tract

Question 7

larynx is aka

Answer 7

voicebox

Question 8

the most sensitive area of the upper respiratory tract is?

Answer 8

larynx

Question 9

larynx does what and is part of what tract?

Answer 9

filters, humidifies and warms air

upper respiratory tract

Question 10

why is air warms and humidified in the upper respiratory tract?

Answer 10

cold air damages pulmonary tissue

Question 11

What are the 4 parts of the lower respiratory tract?

Answer 11

1) trachea
2) bronchi
3) bronchioles
4) alveoli

Question 12

the lower respiratory tract does what?

Answer 12

gas exchange: removes CO2 and offers O2

Question 13

the trachea does what at the carina

Answer 13

splits into the main bronchi

Question 14

this has u shaped cartilaginous rings and has a highly sensitive mucous membrane that cause the cough reflex

Answer 14

carina

Question 15

this is also known as the windpipe

Answer 15

trachea

Question 16

these are the right and left branches of the trachea

Answer 16

bronchi

Question 17

the bronchi are shaped by?

Answer 17

cartilage

Question 18

what do the bronchi have that respond to irritants, infections and inflammation?

Answer 18

mucous glands

Question 19

the bronchi branch further in the?

Answer 19

right and left lungs

Question 20

bronchioles are aka

Answer 20

secondary lobar bronchi

Question 21

bronchioles are…

Answer 21

the branches of the bronchi once inside the lung

Question 22

there are as many bronchioles are there are _____ in the lung

Answer 22

lobes

Question 23

the R lung has ____ lobes

Answer 23

3

Question 24

the L lung has ____ lobes

Answer 24

2

Question 25

the right bronchi branch in the R lung to make ____ bronchiole branches

Answer 25

3

Question 26

the left bronchi branch in the L lung to make ____ bronchiole branches

Answer 26

2

Question 27

bronchioles branch further in each lobe of the lung to form?

Answer 27

tertiary (segmental) bronchi

Question 28

there are ____ tertiary (segmental) bronchi in the R lung lobes

Answer 28

10

Question 29

there are ____ tertiary (segmental) bronchi in the L lung lobes

Answer 29

10

Question 30

the tertiary bronchioles split into?

Answer 30

terminal bronchioles

Question 31

terminal bronchioles make up what?

Answer 31

the passages for air transport

Question 32

alevoli are found where?

Answer 32

after the terminal bronchioles

Question 33

alveoli are part of the

Answer 33

transitional and respiratory zone

Question 34

______ are made of thin lined pouches of squamous cells

Answer 34

alveoli

Question 35

alveoli attach to what?

Answer 35

capillaries

Question 36

the squamous cells do what to prevent collapse of the alveoli?

Answer 36

release surfactant

Question 37

what does the surfactant that squamous cells in the alveoli do?

Answer 37

lowers surface tension and prevents collapse of the alveoli

Question 38

respiratory gas exchange occurs between 2 structures

Answer 38

1) functional respiratory unit | 2) alveolus

Question 39

gas exchange happens by ?

Answer 39

passive diffusion

Question 40

gas exchange occurs across the ?

Answer 40

respiratory membrane

Question 41

ventilation is the?

Answer 41

exchange of air in lungs

Question 42

what 3 parts make up the ventilatory pump?

Answer 42

1) chest wall 2) ventilatory muscles 3) pleural space

Question 43

ventilation is a process of ?

Answer 43

inhalation and exhalation

Question 44

inhalation requires the active use of the?

Answer 44

diaphragm and intercostals

Question 45

the diaphragm is innervated by the?

Answer 45

phrenic nerve

Question 46

how does inhalation happen? (2)

Answer 46

1) muscles increase the thoracic dimensions so pressure in the pleural space is less than atmospheric pressure 2) air rushes into the pleural space so that internal pressure is = ambient pressure

Question 47

is exhalation active or passive?

Answer 47

passive

Question 48

is inhalation active or passive?

Answer 48

active

Question 49

how does exhalation happen? (3)

Answer 49

1) muscles relax and the thoracic dimensions decrease 2) pressure in pleural space is now greater than ambient pressure 3) air flows from the lungs out of the body