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Cardiac wink winks Flashcards

(44 cards)

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1
Q

What are formed from the mesodermal cells?

A

2 longitudinal cell clusters known as angioblastic cords

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2
Q

When in development does the heart begin to beat?

A

Day 22-23

1 mo becomes recognizable as heart and not just cords

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3
Q

When do the four chambers form?

A

28 days

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4
Q

When do the septa and chordae tendinae form?

A

8 wks

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5
Q

What does the umbilical cord consist of?

A

2 umbilical arteries

1 umbilical vein

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6
Q

What do the umbilical arteries do?

A

Take deoxygenated blood away from fetus

Goes through placenta to mom to oxygenate

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7
Q

What does the umbilical vein do?

A

Carry oxygenated blood back to baby

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8
Q

Foramen ovale

A

Flap that passes blood from right atrium to left atrium

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9
Q

Ductus arteriosus

A

Passes blood from pulmonary artery to aorta

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10
Q

What is the general cause of blue baby syndrome?

A

Ductus arteriosus or foramen ovale not closing properly

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11
Q

Eisenmenger syndrome

A

When a left-to-right shunt eventually forces the direction to reverse, causing right-to-left flow to supervene accompanied by the physical findings of hypoxemia and cyanosis

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12
Q

What is the most common cyanotic congenital heart dz after infancy?

A

Tetralogy of Fallot

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13
Q

What will be seen on CXR in tetralogy of Fallot?

A

Boot-shaped heart

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14
Q

What is tx for Tetralogy of Fallot?

A

Subacute bacterial endocarditis prophylaxis for life

Surgical repair

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15
Q

What is seen on CXR in transposition of great arteries?

A

Egg on a string

String is aorta and pulmonary artery

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16
Q

What is the 1st line tx for transposition of the great arteries?

A

Prostaglandin E

Prostaglandins keep shunts open

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17
Q

What is the first line tx for tricuspid atresia?

A

Prostaglandin E

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18
Q

S/sx of truncus arteriosus

Study These Flashcards
A 
Bounding peripheral pulses
Single S2 (single valve)
19
Q

Generalized trends of total anomalous pulmonary venous return (TAPVR)

Study These Flashcards
A

Sx depend on obstruction of pulmonary venous drainage

-More cyanosis with obstruction

20
Q

What is the most common cause of cardiac death in the first month of life?

Study These Flashcards
A

Hypoplastic left heart syndrome

21
Q

Tx for hypoplastic left heart syndrome

Study These Flashcards
A

Prostaglandin E
Surgery
-Initial Norwood procedure
-Bidirectional Glenn and Fontan procedure

22
Q

What is the MC congenital heart defect?

23
Q

What is the MC VSD?

Study These Flashcards
A

Perimembranous

24
Q

What can a VSD be associated with?

Study These Flashcards
A

MI

Down syndrome

25
What is the MC ASD?
Secundum
26
What is the #1 cause of widened pulse pressures?
Aortic regurgitation
27
What are the continuous murmurs?
PDA Pericardial friction rub Venous hum
28
What is a sign of coarctation of the aorta?
Decreased femoral pulses | Low BP to anything distal of the coarctation, high BP to anything proximal of the coarctation
29
What are the three signs of coarctation of the aorta?
Cardiomegaly, RVH, pulmonary edema | Rib notching
30
1st line tx of coarctation of aorta
Prostaglandin E1
31
Cardiac defect characteristic of DiGeorge syndrome
Tetralogy of Fallot
32
What is considered nl BP in peds?
Both systolic and diastolic BP <90th percentile
33
Pediatric HTN
Either systolic and/or diastolic BP greater than or equal to 95th percentile measured on 3 or more separate occasions
34
Stage 1 HTN- peds
Systolic and/or diastolic BP between the 95th percentile and 5 mmHg above the 99th percentile
35
Stage 2 HTN- peds
Systolic and/or diastolic BP greater than or equal to 99th percentile plus 5 mmHg
36
Tachycardia and flushing goes with...
Coarctation of aorta | Seen with HTN
37
Edema and elevated serum creatinine goes with...
Renal artery stenosis | Seen with HTN
38
EKG findings in sudden cardiac arrest (SCA)
ST elevation more than 2 mm ST depression >0.5 mm T wave inversions
39
What is congenital long QT syndrome associated with?
Increased risk of torsades de pointes
40
Criteria for congenital long QT syndrome
>0.44 sec
41
How loud do diastolic murmurs get?
Only up to grade 4
42
General characteristics of innocent murmurs?
Grade less than or equal to 2 Softer intensity when the pt is sitting compared with when the pt is supine Short systolic duration (not holosystolic) Minimal radiation Musical or vibratory quality
43
What is the most common innocent murmur of early childhood?
Still murmur | Loudest in supine position
44
Venous hum
Continuous musical hum usually heard after age 2 | Best heard with the sitting position

Peds (11 decks)

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