cardio

Question 1

patient has fever and pleuritic chest pain that is relieved by sitting up and leaning forward

Answer 1

pericarditis

Question 2

irregularly irregular pulse

Answer 2

atrial fibrillation

Question 3

saw tooth baseline + 150 bpm

Answer 3

atrial flutter

Question 4

alveolar bat’s wings, kerley B lines, cardiomegaly, dilated prominent upper lobe vessels pleural effusion

Answer 4

pulmonary oedema

Question 5

raised JVP/hepatojugular

Answer 5

right sided heart failure

Question 6

sense of impending doom

Answer 6

MI

Question 7

saddle shaped ST elevation

Answer 7

pericarditis

Question 8

broad complex tachycardia

Answer 8

ventricular problem

Question 9

mid diastolic murmur with a tapping, undisplaced apex

Answer 9

mitral stenosis

Question 10

broad QRS with slurred upstroke on R wave(delta wave)

Answer 10

wolff parkinson white syndrom

Question 11

tall tented T waves

Answer 11

hyperkalaemia(and wide QRS complexes)

Question 12

J wave in ECG

Answer 12

hypothermia

Question 13

patient gets pericarditis 4-6 weeks post MI

Answer 13

Dressler’s syndrome

Question 14

blurred yellowing vision headache

Answer 14

digoxin toxicity

Question 15

janeway lesions/ Osler Nodes

Answer 15

subacute bacterial endocarditis

Question 16

continuous machine like heart murmur

Answer 16

patent ductus arteriosus

Question 17

rib notching on CXR

Answer 17

coarctation of the aorta

Question 18

crescendo decrescendo murmur

Answer 18

aortic stenosis

Question 19

diminished/absent lower limb pulses

Answer 19

coarctation of the aorta

Question 20

radio-femoral delay

Answer 20

coarctation of the aorta

Question 21

radio-radial delay

Answer 21

coarctation of aortic dissection

Question 22

MRS ASS

Answer 22

mitral regurgitation systolic, aortic stenosis systolic

Question 23

systolic murmur, radiates to the neck

Answer 23

aortic stenosis

Question 24

sudden tearing/ripped chest pain, radiates to back

Answer 24

aortic dissection

Question 25

management plan for hypertension?

Answer 25

<55: acei, acei + Ccb or acei + D, acei + ccb + D >55 or black patient: ccb or D, ^^^

Question 26

pericarditis?

Answer 26

relieved by leaning forward

Question 27

stanford A?

Answer 27

ascending aorta + arch

Question 28

stanford B?

Answer 28

descending thoracic aorta

Question 29

DVT gold standard?

Answer 29

doppler US

Question 30

becks triad?

Answer 30

hypotension, muffled heart sounds, raised JVP could be sign of cardiac tamponade

Question 31

dukes criteria for infective endocarditis?

Answer 31

BE FEVER blood cultures( positive for e.g. staph aureus, strep viridans) endocardial involvement (abscess etc) fever embolic phenomena e.g. janeway lesions vascular phenomena evident predisposing heart condition or IV drug use rheumatologic phenomena e.g. osler nodes

Question 32

what can orthopnea differentiate?

Answer 32

heart failure from COPD (present in heart failure partiularly left sided)

Question 33

what can hypokalaemia lead to?

Answer 33

long QT syndrome

Question 34

describe furosemides pathway?

Answer 34

inhibits the Na-K-Cl cotransporter in the thick ascending limb of the loop of Henle

Question 35

what does the PR interval represent?

Answer 35

the time between atrial depolarisation and ventricular depolarisation