Cardio 3

Question 1

the primary nerve of the Para sym NS is

Answer 1

the vagus nerve

Question 2

the para syn NS is a projection of the

Answer 2

cranial and sacral nerves

Question 3

para syn NS has what type of firing rate
-this slows the heart rate

Answer 3

tonic firing rate

Question 4

what nerve releases Ach

Answer 4

vagus nerve

Question 5

2 main receptors for Ach

Answer 5

nicotinic receptor and muscarinic receptor

Question 6

The vagus nerve releases Ach.
-Ach binds to what receptors?
-these receptors are on what type of nerves?

Answer 6

ACH binds to nicotinic receptors
nicotinic receptors are on the post ganglionic nerves

Question 7

PRE ganglionic nerves start at the X
they synapse onto the X

Answer 7

they start at the CNS
they synapse into the post ganglia nerves withing the ganglia

Question 8

POST ganglionic nerves start at the X
they synapse onto the X

Answer 8

start at the ganglia
they synapse onto the targeted organs

Question 9

4 things the sympathetic nerves stimulate:

Answer 9

1. heart
2. arteries
3. veins
4. adrenal glands

Question 10

NTs used in the symp NS (3 total)

Answer 10

Ach
epinephrine/ norepi

Question 11

what NT is used when synpase between pre and post ganglions?

Answer 11

Ach

Question 12

what NT is exclusively used when synapsing from post gang to target organ

Answer 12

Epinephrine/norepi
-note: ach can also be used for parasympathetic
BUT epi/norepi is never used from pre to post ganglion

Question 13

2 types of adrenergic RECEPTORS

Answer 13

alpha
beta

Question 14

alpha adrenergic receptors are found in the

Answer 14

heart

Question 15

beta adrenergic receptors are found in the

Answer 15

heart and lungs

Question 16

2 types of beta adrenergic receptors
-where are they and what do they do?

Answer 16

Beta 1
-found in heart
-increase HR, increase contractile strength

Beta 2
- found in lungs
-increase in bronchodilation

Question 17

the vagus nerve stimulates what nodes

Answer 17

SA and AV nodes

Question 18

the only way to reduce HR is to reduce the X and X of APs

Answer 18

frequency and conduction

Question 19

the muscular components of the heart are modulated by what 2 types of nerves?

Answer 19

Adrenergic and vagal nerves
-Adrenergic - increase HR
-Vagal - decrease HR

Question 20

in Vagal innervation, muscarinic receptors are X protein coupled receptors?
what does this mean?

Answer 20

muscarinic receptors are G coupled protein receptors
this means when Ach binds to the muscarinic receptor, it activates the G protein in the cell

Question 21

2 functions of G inhibitory protein

Answer 21

-reduce cAMP
-hyperpolarize cell

Question 22

When vagal intervention causes inhibition, what main 2 factors are decreased?

Answer 22

• decrease in chronotropy
  -decrease in dromotropy

Question 23

over activation of the sym NS is called

Answer 23

tacicardia

Question 24

what NT has a higher affnity for B1 receptors?

Answer 24

NE

Question 25

B1 receptors are found in the

Answer 25

heart

Question 26

when activated, B1 receptors increase the activity of what type of channels?

Answer 26

Ca -used for heart muscle contraction

Question 27

beta receptors are what type of protein coupling

Answer 27

G protein coupling receptors

Question 28

when NE or EPI bind to the B1 receptor, what G protein is activated? -what 2 factors are activated?

Answer 28

G stimulatory -causes depolarization - increases cAMP and PKA

Question 29

the sympathetic NS causes increase or decrease in the 4 factors?

Answer 29

increase

Question 30

parasympathetic NS causes increase or decrease in the 4 factors

Answer 30

decrease

Question 31

alpha receptors are found.. beta receptors are found..

Answer 31

- Found predominantly in the smooth muscle cells of arteries and veins. - Beta one is mostly in heart - beta 2 in Lungs, skeletal muscle, arteries

Question 32

which Nervous System is the main play in determining vasomotor control

Answer 32

sympathetic

Answer 33

)

Question 34

activation of what gland causes release of NE and EPI whats the raio?

Answer 34

adrenal glands 80:20 EPI:NE

Question 35

EPI acts on what receptors?

Answer 35

B2 receptors

Question 36

NE acts on what receptors?

Answer 36

a1 receptors

Question 37

a1 receptors are stimulated by what NT?

Answer 37

NE

Question 38

b2 receptors are activated by what NT?

Answer 38

EPI

Question 39

when NE acts on the a1 receptors, what occurs to the arteries and veins?

Answer 39

constriction

Question 40

-a1 receptors also activate what pathway

Answer 40

IP3 pathway -causes increase in intracellular ca -causes vasocontriction

Question 41

When EPI binds to B2 receptors, what happens to the arteries and veins?

Answer 41

Vasodilation

Question 42

activation of a1 receptors cause what to happen to the vessels?

Answer 42

contriction

Question 43

activation of b2 receptors cause what to happen to the vessels?

Answer 43

dilation