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Pharm Final > Cardio > Flashcards

Cardio Flashcards

(67 cards)

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1
Q

PreHTN

A

121-139 systolic OR 81-89 diastolic

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2
Q

Stage 1 HTN

A

140-159 systolic OR 90-99 diastolic

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3
Q

Stage 2 HTN

A

> /=160 systolic OR >/=100 diastolic

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4
Q

Lifestyle Modifications for HTN

A

smoking cessation, salt restriction, Diet (DASH), exercise, weight management

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5
Q

BP goal for DM and kidney pts

A

140/90

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6
Q

> 60yo goal for HTN

A

150/90

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7
Q

Thiazide diuretics

A

HCTZ, chlorothiazine, metolazone (thiazide related)

-may have cross sens with sulfa allergy

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8
Q

Loop diuretics

A

torsemide, furosemide, bumetanide

  • not as effective in HTN
  • add potassium
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9
Q

Potassium sparing diuretics

A

spironolactone, triamterene, amiloride

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10
Q

Diuretic side effects

A

HYPOKALEMIA, HYPONATREMIA, hyperuricemia, hypercalcemia, hypercholesterolemia, hypertriglyceridemia

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11
Q

may precipitate gout in HIGH doses

A

diuretics

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12
Q

decrease HR, force of contraction and CO

A

beta blockers

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13
Q

1st generation (non-cardioselective) beta blockers

A

propanolol, nadolol, penbutolol, pindolol, timolol

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14
Q

1st generation (non-cardioselective) beta blockers side effects

A

BRONCHOSPASM, WORSEN CHF, IMPAIRED GLUCOSE TOLERANCE, FATIGUE, raises lipids, dec. libido, depression, impotence, insomnia

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15
Q

contraindicated in acute CHF exacerbation

A

1st generation (non-cardioselective) beta blockers; may be helpful in long run

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16
Q

2nd generation (cardioselective) beta blockers

A

acebutolol, atenolol, betaxolol, bisoprolol, metoprolol

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17
Q

2nd generation (cardioselective) beta blockers side effects

A

reduced s/e compared to first gen, raises lipids

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18
Q

ACE-I MOA

A

block angiotensin converting enzyme and stop formation of angiotensin 2; cause venous dilation, reduce total peripheral resistance, and arterial BP

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19
Q

ACE-I drug names

A

end in -pril

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20
Q

drug to tx BPH

A

alpha blocker

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21
Q

CONTRAINDICATED IN PREGNANCY

A

ACE-I, ARBs

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22
Q

ARBs MOA

A

block effect of angiotensin 2 on tissue receptors

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23
Q

central alpha agonist side effects

A

sedation, drowsiness, ORTHOSTATIC HYPOTENSION

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24
Q

ARBs side effects

A

may cause hypotension, hyperkalemia

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25
CCBs MOA
cause arterial smooth muscle relaxation and decrease in PVR
26
CCBs that are potent vasodilators
dihydropyridines (end in -dipine)
27
dihydropyridines drug names
end in -dipine; these are more selective vasodilators and have less cardiac depressant effect
28
dihydropyridines short acting CCBs side effects
may cause mild to moderate reflex tach, may see HA, flushing, ankle edema
29
dihydropyridines long acting CCBs side effects
usually only cause edema
30
better in black people
CCBs with THIAZIDE
31
Nondihydropyridines MOA
same as other CCB with less vasodilation more cardiac depressant effect
32
diphenylalkylamine CCB name/uses
verapamil; used with supraventricular arrhythmias and variant angina
33
benzothiazipine CCB name
diltiazem
34
Nondihydropyridines side effecst
bradycardia, SA dysfunction, heart block
35
alpha antagonist MOA
arteriolar dilation and vasodilation
36
selective alpha antagonist
prazosin, doxazosin, terazosin
37
non-selective alpha antagonist
phenoxybenzamine
38
alpha antagonist side effects
first dose syncope, ORTHOSTATIC HYPOTENSION, fatigue, weakness, nasal congestion, and HA, beneficial effect on lipids
39
uses of alpha antagonists
BPH, pheochromocytoma
40
central alpha agonist MOA
reduce sympathetic vasoconstriction and total PVR
41
Central alpha agonist drug names
clonidine, methyldopa
42
central alpha agonist side effects
sedation, drowsiness, ORTHOSTATIC HYPOTENSION
43
systolic heart failure tx
ACE-I, ARBs, beta blocker, diuretic, aldosterone antagonist
44
post MI drugs
ACE-I, beta blocker, ARBs,aldosterone antagonist
45
proteinuric kidney ds tx
ACE-I, ARB
46
angina pectoris tx
beta blocker, CCB
47
a fib rate control tx
beta blocker, nondihydropyridine CCB
48
a flutter rate control tx
beta blocker, nondihydropyridine CCB
49
essential tremor symptom tx
beta blocker
50
hyperthyroidism symptom tx
beta blocker
51
migraine symptom tx options
beta blocker, CCB
52
osteoporosis symptom tx option
thiazide
53
raynauds syndrome symptom tx option
nondihydropyridine CCB
54
Angioedema contraindication
ACE-I
55
bronchospastic disease contraindication
beta blocker
56
contraindication in depression
reserpine
57
contraindication in liver disease
methyldopa
58
contraindication second or third degree heart block
beta blocker, nondihydropyridine CCB
59
may have adverse effect in depression
beta blocker, central alpha agonist
60
may have adverse effect in hyperkalemia
aldosterone antagonist, ACE-I, ARB, renin inhibitor
61
may have adverse effect in hyponatremia
thiazide diuretic
62
may have adverse effect in renovascular disease
ACE-I, ARB, or renin inhibitor
63
Anti-anginal drugs
CCBs, beta blockers, long acting nitrates, rapid acting nitrates
64
best for vasospastic (prizmentals) angina
CCB
65
best for long term management of chronic stable angina and sometimes unstable angina
beta blockers
66
oral or topical and best used for long term management of chronic stable angina
long acting nitrates (isosorbide)
67
sublingual/spray best used for acute angina or to prevent attack
rapid acting nitrates (nitroglycerin)

Pharm Final (5 decks)

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