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Pharm Final > Cardio > Flashcards

Cardio Flashcards

1
Q

PreHTN

A

121-139 systolic OR 81-89 diastolic

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2
Q

Stage 1 HTN

A

140-159 systolic OR 90-99 diastolic

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3
Q

Stage 2 HTN

A

> /=160 systolic OR >/=100 diastolic

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4
Q

Lifestyle Modifications for HTN

A

smoking cessation, salt restriction, Diet (DASH), exercise, weight management

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5
Q

BP goal for DM and kidney pts

A

140/90

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6
Q

> 60yo goal for HTN

A

150/90

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7
Q

Thiazide diuretics

A

HCTZ, chlorothiazine, metolazone (thiazide related)

-may have cross sens with sulfa allergy

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8
Q

Loop diuretics

A

torsemide, furosemide, bumetanide

  • not as effective in HTN
  • add potassium
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9
Q

Potassium sparing diuretics

A

spironolactone, triamterene, amiloride

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10
Q

Diuretic side effects

A

HYPOKALEMIA, HYPONATREMIA, hyperuricemia, hypercalcemia, hypercholesterolemia, hypertriglyceridemia

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11
Q

may precipitate gout in HIGH doses

A

diuretics

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12
Q

decrease HR, force of contraction and CO

A

beta blockers

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13
Q

1st generation (non-cardioselective) beta blockers

A

propanolol, nadolol, penbutolol, pindolol, timolol

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14
Q

1st generation (non-cardioselective) beta blockers side effects

A

BRONCHOSPASM, WORSEN CHF, IMPAIRED GLUCOSE TOLERANCE, FATIGUE, raises lipids, dec. libido, depression, impotence, insomnia

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15
Q

contraindicated in acute CHF exacerbation

A

1st generation (non-cardioselective) beta blockers; may be helpful in long run

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16
Q

2nd generation (cardioselective) beta blockers

A

acebutolol, atenolol, betaxolol, bisoprolol, metoprolol

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17
Q

2nd generation (cardioselective) beta blockers side effects

A

reduced s/e compared to first gen, raises lipids

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18
Q

ACE-I MOA

A

block angiotensin converting enzyme and stop formation of angiotensin 2; cause venous dilation, reduce total peripheral resistance, and arterial BP

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19
Q

ACE-I drug names

A

end in -pril

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20
Q

drug to tx BPH

A

alpha blocker

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21
Q

CONTRAINDICATED IN PREGNANCY

A

ACE-I, ARBs

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22
Q

ARBs MOA

A

block effect of angiotensin 2 on tissue receptors

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23
Q

central alpha agonist side effects

A

sedation, drowsiness, ORTHOSTATIC HYPOTENSION

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24
Q

ARBs side effects

A

may cause hypotension, hyperkalemia

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25
Q

CCBs MOA

A

cause arterial smooth muscle relaxation and decrease in PVR

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26
Q

CCBs that are potent vasodilators

A

dihydropyridines (end in -dipine)

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27
Q

dihydropyridines drug names

A

end in -dipine; these are more selective vasodilators and have less cardiac depressant effect

28
Q

dihydropyridines short acting CCBs side effects

A

may cause mild to moderate reflex tach, may see HA, flushing, ankle edema

29
Q

dihydropyridines long acting CCBs side effects

A

usually only cause edema

30
Q

better in black people

A

CCBs with THIAZIDE

31
Q

Nondihydropyridines MOA

A

same as other CCB with less vasodilation more cardiac depressant effect

32
Q

diphenylalkylamine CCB name/uses

A

verapamil; used with supraventricular arrhythmias and variant angina

33
Q

benzothiazipine CCB name

A

diltiazem

34
Q

Nondihydropyridines side effecst

A

bradycardia, SA dysfunction, heart block

35
Q

alpha antagonist MOA

A

arteriolar dilation and vasodilation

36
Q

selective alpha antagonist

A

prazosin, doxazosin, terazosin

37
Q

non-selective alpha antagonist

A

phenoxybenzamine

38
Q

alpha antagonist side effects

A

first dose syncope, ORTHOSTATIC HYPOTENSION, fatigue, weakness, nasal congestion, and HA, beneficial effect on lipids

39
Q

uses of alpha antagonists

A

BPH, pheochromocytoma

40
Q

central alpha agonist MOA

A

reduce sympathetic vasoconstriction and total PVR

41
Q

Central alpha agonist drug names

A

clonidine, methyldopa

42
Q

central alpha agonist side effects

A

sedation, drowsiness, ORTHOSTATIC HYPOTENSION

43
Q

systolic heart failure tx

A

ACE-I, ARBs, beta blocker, diuretic, aldosterone antagonist

44
Q

post MI drugs

A

ACE-I, beta blocker, ARBs,aldosterone antagonist

45
Q

proteinuric kidney ds tx

A

ACE-I, ARB

46
Q

angina pectoris tx

A

beta blocker, CCB

47
Q

a fib rate control tx

A

beta blocker, nondihydropyridine CCB

48
Q

a flutter rate control tx

A

beta blocker, nondihydropyridine CCB

49
Q

essential tremor symptom tx

A

beta blocker

50
Q

hyperthyroidism symptom tx

A

beta blocker

51
Q

migraine symptom tx options

A

beta blocker, CCB

52
Q

osteoporosis symptom tx option

A

thiazide

53
Q

raynauds syndrome symptom tx option

A

nondihydropyridine CCB

54
Q

Angioedema contraindication

A

ACE-I

55
Q

bronchospastic disease contraindication

A

beta blocker

56
Q

contraindication in depression

A

reserpine

57
Q

contraindication in liver disease

A

methyldopa

58
Q

contraindication second or third degree heart block

A

beta blocker, nondihydropyridine CCB

59
Q

may have adverse effect in depression

A

beta blocker, central alpha agonist

60
Q

may have adverse effect in hyperkalemia

A

aldosterone antagonist, ACE-I, ARB, renin inhibitor

61
Q

may have adverse effect in hyponatremia

A

thiazide diuretic

62
Q

may have adverse effect in renovascular disease

A

ACE-I, ARB, or renin inhibitor

63
Q

Anti-anginal drugs

A

CCBs, beta blockers, long acting nitrates, rapid acting nitrates

64
Q

best for vasospastic (prizmentals) angina

A

CCB

65
Q

best for long term management of chronic stable angina and sometimes unstable angina

A

beta blockers

66
Q

oral or topical and best used for long term management of chronic stable angina

A

long acting nitrates (isosorbide)

67
Q

sublingual/spray best used for acute angina or to prevent attack

A

rapid acting nitrates (nitroglycerin)

Pharm Final (5 decks)

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