GI Flashcards
(132 cards)
viral causes of gastroenteritis
NOROVIRUS, ROTAVIRUS, adenovirus etc
bacterial causes of gastroenteritis
salmonella, campylobacter jejuni, shigella, e. coli
protozoal causes of gastroenteritis
giardia, cryptosporidium
recently on course of abx (clindamycin) and suddenly keeps shitting pants what do you suspect
c.diff
acute diarrhea mainly caused by
infectious source or med side effect
causes of persistent/chronic diarrhea
celiac, hyperthyroidism, microscopic colitis, lactose intolerance, irritable bowel disease, IBD
when are diagnostics for diarrhea needed
sever symptoms : severe dehydration, bloody stool/rectal bleeding, weight loss, severe abd pain, prolonged symptoms (>1 wk), recent hospit/antibiotics, >65yo, comorbidities such as HIV or DM, pregnancy
selectively antagonizes serotonin 5HT3 receptors
zofran (ondansetron)
zofran (ondansetron) administered forms
IV, IM, PO, ODT
zofran (ondansetron) indications
N/V prevention; maybe for chemo or post op, off label use for hyperemesis gravidarum; effective, expensive,
does zofran (ondansetron) or Phenergan(promethazine) or lomotil need dosing adjustment for renal or liver dysfunction
NO
zofran (ondansetron) side effects
few; most common are HA, and constipation; QT prolongation, serotonin syndrome(in combo with other serotonergic agents)
pregnancy category B BUT readily crosses placenta
zofran (ondansetron); possible adverse fetal event associated with zofran (ondansetron) use in pregnancy
caution if administered to nursing women
zofran (ondansetron); not known if it is excreted into breast milk
can cause dose-dependent QT interval prolangation
zofran (ondansetron); avoid with other meds that prolong QT interval (class 1 and 3 antiarrhythmics; 32 mg dose taken off market bc of torsades; NO current recommendation to obtain EKG prior
Phenergan forms
IM, PO, rectal, IV?
Phenergan moa
phenothiazine derivative with antidopaminergic effect; blocker of mesolimbic DA receptors and ALPHA ADRENERGIC Receptors in brainl anithistamine effect H1-receptor blocker
Phenergan indications
symptom tx of allergic conditions, antiemetic, motion sickness, sedative, adjunct to post op analgesic and anesthesia; off label for N/V in pregnancy; relatively inexpensive,
why do you not want to administer Phenergan by IV
severe chemical irritation and damage to tissues; adverse rxns can include burning, pain, thrombophelebitis, tissue necrosis, gangrene, aputation; IM preferred
Phenergan contraindications
children
Phenergan pregnancy category
C
Phenergan side effects
sedation, resp depression; CAUTION with other CNS depressants
Reglan (metocloperamide) forms
IV, IM, PO, ODT
Reglan (metocloperamide) MOA
BLOCKS DA RECEPTORS; blocks serotonin receptors in CNS with high doses; enhances RESPONSE TO ACH in tissue of upper GI tract causes ENHANCE MOTILITY AND ACCELERATED GASTRIC EMPTYING and INCREASES LES tone