Cardio Flashcards Preview

D Flashcards 2 > Cardio > Flashcards

Flashcards in Cardio Deck (10)
Loading flashcards...
1
Q

Aortic Stenosis

A

ESM
Forceful Non-displaced Apex Beat

Quiet A2 (aortic valve sound in S2)
Narrow Pulse Pressure
S4 Tenessee
Decompensation - LVF

2
Q

Mitral Regurgitation

A

Pansystolic Murmur (apex left lateral position end expiration)
Displaced Apex - volume overload
Soft S1

3
Q

Aortic Regurgitation

A

Early Diastolic murmur

Apex displaced (volume overload)
Soft S2
Collapsing Pulse
Wide pulse pressure

Quincke’s: capillary pulsation in nail beds
Corrigan’s: visible vigorous carotid pulsation
De Musset’s: head nodding
Traube’s: pistol-shot sound over femorals

4
Q

Mitral Stenosis

A

Mid-diastolic murmur

Tapping Apex (palpable S1, non-displaced)
Loud S1
Early diastolic opening snap
Malar Flush - back pressure + vasoconstriction
LVF

5
Q

Rheumatic Fever Criteria

A

Jones Criteria

Major Criteria
 Pancarditis
 Arthritis
 Subcut nodules
 Erythema marginatum
 Sydenham’s chorea
Minor criteria
 Fever
 ↑ESR or ↑CRP
 Arthralgia
 not if arthritis is a major
 Prolonged PR interval
 not if carditis is a major
 Prev rheumatic fever
6
Q

Infective Endocarditis Criteria

A

Major
1. +ve Blood Culture
 Typical organism in 2 separate cultures, or
 Persistently +ve cultures, e.g. 3, >12h apart
2. Endocardial Involvement
 +ve echo: vegetation, abscess, dehiscence
or
 New valvular regurgitation

Minor

  1. Predisposition: cardiac lesion, IVDU
  2. Fever >38
  3. Emboli: septic infarcts, splinters, Janeway lesions
  4. Immune: GN, Osler nodes, Roth spots, RF
  5. +ve blood culture not meeting major criteria
7
Q

Left sided Heart Failure

A
Causes
 1: IHD
 2: Idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy
 3: Systemic HTN
 4: Mitral and aortic valve disease
Symptoms
 Fatigue
 Exertional dyspnoea
 Orthopnoea + PND
 Nocturnal cough (± pink, frothy sputum)
 Wt. loss and muscle wasting
Signs
 Cold peripheries ± cyanosis
 Often in AF
 Cardiomegaly c¯ displaced apex
 S3 + tachycardia = gallop rhythm
 Wheeze (cardiac asthma)
 Bibasal creps
8
Q

Right Sided Heart Failure

A

Causes
 LVF
 Cor pulmonale
 Tricuspid and pulmonary valve disease

Symptoms
 Anorexia and nausea

Signs
 ↑JVP + jugular venous distension
 Tender smooth hepatomegaly (may be pulsatile)
 Pitting oedema
 Ascites
9
Q

Inguinal canal

A
Inguinal ligament (floor) 
aponeurosis of external oblique (anterior wall)
transversalis fascia (posterior wall)
internal oblique (roof)
10
Q

Femoral Canal

A
lacuna ligament (medial border)
inguinal ligament (anterior border)
femoral vein (lateral border)
pectineal ligament (posterior border)

Contents

  • lymphatics - draining deep inguinal nodes
  • deep lymph node - lacunar node
  • loose connective tissue