CARDIO Flashcards
(177 cards)
1
Q
Treatment for Unstable Bradycardia
A
1st- Atropine 1st Line
Epinephrine or Dopamine infusion
3rd Degree HB = Transcutaneous pacing 1st Line
2
Q
Bradycardia causes
A
Physiologic- vasovagal reaction (MCC), well conditioned, ICP.
Pathologic- BBs, CCBs, Digoxin, Inferior MI
3
Q
Irregular Rhythm where HR increases during inspiration.
Otherwise NSR
A
Sinus Arrhythmia
4
Q
A combination of sinus arrest alternating paroxysms of atrial tachyarrhythmias and bradyarrhythmia
What is the management?
A
Sick Sinus Rhythm
Management: Permanent Pacemaker if symptomatic.
5
Q
Heart block that requires permanent pacemaker?
A
Second Degree AV HB Type II (Mobitz II)
Third Degree AV Block
6
Q
HB with progressive PRI lengthening leading to a dropped QRS;
Going, Going, Gone
A
2nd Degree AV Block Type I (Mobitz I)
7
Q
HB commonly in the bundle of His.
Constant prolonged PRI: 2:1 or 3: 1 P:QRS
What is the management
A
2nd Degree AV Block Type I (Mobitz II)
Management: Atropine or Temporary pacing
8
Q
Most common chronic arrhythmia. Irregular/ Irregular rhythm with narrow QRS
No discernable P waves (350-600 BPM)
A
Atrial Fibrillation
9
Q
Stable Atrial fibrillation Management
A
- BBs- Metoprolol or Esmolol (Caution w reactive Airway disease
- CCBs- Diltiazem (Less Verapamil) Non-dihydropyridines
- Digoxin- In elderly (preferred for rate control in patients with HYTN or CHF
10
Q
All patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation should undergo?
A
Anticoagulation (INR 2-3)
11
Q
Types of Atrial fibrillation
A
Paroxysmal- Self terminates w/i 7 days (recurrent).
Persistent- not terminate w/i 7 days
Permanent- AF> 1 year (refractory to cardioversion)
12
Q
Unstable Atrial fibrillation Management
A
Synchronized cardioversion
Definitive: Radio frequency Ablation
13
Q
Unstable Tachycardia: HYTN, AMS, AHF, CP
Narrow QRS
A
Synchronized cardiovert
Consider Adenosine
14
Q
Unstable Tachycardia: HYTN, AMS, AHF, CP
Narrow QRS
A
- Vagal Maneuvers
- Adenosine (If regular and narrow QRS)
- BBs or CCBs
15
Q
Management of Wolff-Parkinson-White (WPW)
A
Stable:Procainamide preferred (Class Ia Antiarrhythmic)
Unstable: Synchronized Cardiovert 1st Line
Avoid AV nodal blockers
ABCD= Adenosine, BBs, CCBs, Digoxin
16
Q
If Left Axis Deviation ECG will show
A
Lead I QRS upright
aVF QRS downward
17
Q
If normal Axis deviation
A
Lead I QRS upright
aVF QRS upright
18
Q
If Right Axis Deviation
A
Lead I QRS downward
aVF QRS upright
19
Q
Normal PR interval
A
0.12-0.20 seconds (3-5 boxes)
20
Q
Left Atrial Enlargement in ECG will show
A
M shape P wave in lead II with larger terminal component
21
Q
Right Atrial Enlargement in ECG will show
A
Biphasic and Tall P wave in lead II with larger initial component
22
Q
Left BBB in ECG will show
A
Wide QRS >0.12 seconds
Slurred R in V5, V6
23
Q
Right BBB in ECG will show
A
Wide QRS > 0.12 seconds (>3 Boxes)
RSR in V1, V2
24
Q
Right Ventricular Hypertrophy ECG will show
A
V1: The R is taller than the S (Or R>7mm)
25
Left Ventricular Hypertrophy ECG will show
S in V1 + R in V5 orV6= >35mm
(Sokolow-Lyon criteria) Large box = 5mm
Small box= 1mm
26
T wave inversion abnormal when in
Lead I, II, V3-V6 = MI
Normally inverted in aVR
27
Small box and large box in ECG is
0. 04 seconds = 40 mS
| 0. 20 seconds = 200mS
28
If the area of infarction is Lateral wall Q/ ST elevation will show in Leads_______
Lead I, aVL, V5, V6
Left circumflex
29
If the area of infarction is Anterolateral wall Q/ ST elevation will show in Leads_______
Lead I, aVL, V4, V5, V6 (Add V4 to Lateral)
Mid Left Anterior Descending or Left Circumflex
30
If the area of infarction is Inferior wall Q/ ST elevation will show in Leads_______
Lead II, III, aVF
Right Coronary Artery (RCA)
31
If the area of infarction is Anterior wall Q/ ST elevation will show in Leads_______ and _______ Artery
V1 through V4
Left Anterior Descending Artery
32
If the area of infarction is Posterior wall Q/ ST elevation will show in Leads_______and ______Artery
ST Depression in V1-V2 RCA, L circumflex artery
33
Sinus tachycardia with narrow QRS complexes of >150 BPM
Management- Stable and Unstable
Paroxysmal Ventricular Tachycardia
Stable- Adenosine (Narrow) Amiodorone (Wide) --> BBs
Unstable- Synchronized Cardiovert (Def.= Ablation)
34
Atrial fibrillation Pharmacologic rhythm control
Ibutilide or Flecainide
35
Multiple ectopic Atrial Foci
>100 MAT Multifocal Atrial Tachycardia
<100 WAP Wandering Atrial Pacemaker
Tx: CCB or BB if LV function preserved
36
Multifocal, Bigeminy, or Trigeminy PVCs Tx
No treatment needed
37
>3 consecutive PVCs >100 BPM
Stable V-Tachycardia: Amiodorone, Lidocaine, Procainamide
Unstable V- Tach w pulse: Synchronized cardiovert
V-Tach no pulse: Defibrillation
38
Torsades de Pointe management
IV magnesium
39
PEA or Asystole
CPR + Epinephrine + shockable rhythm check every 2 minutes.
40
ST depression usually indicates
Ischemia (reversible if oxygen to tissue corrected)
transmural (full thickness of heart wall)
41
ST Elevation usually indicates
Infarction (Dead tissue)
Significant if >1mm in Limb lead or >2mm in precordial (0over the heart)
42
Diffuse concave ST elevation in precordial leads v1-v6
PR depression in ST elevation leads
Acute Pericarditis
43
Low voltage QRS complex
Electrical Alternans
Large Effusion or Pericardial Tamponade
44
Non-specific ST/T changes
S1Q3T3 most specific for
Pulmonary Embolism
| MC ECG Finding =Sinus Tachycardia
(Most specific ECG changes = S1Q3T3
45
What does S1Q3T3 mean
Wide S in Lead I
Q wave in Lead III
T wave inversion in Lead III
46
Definitive Diagnosis (Gold Standard) for CAD, PAD, renal artery stenosis, and Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms
CT Angiography
47
Most useful to diagnose HF
Echocardiogram
TTE- less invasive
TEE- more invasive better image (Post. cardiac structure)
48
Initial Test for patients with normal ECG
Exercise Stress Treadmill Test
CI: if unbale to exercise
49
Photon Emission Tomography that localizes regions of ischemia
Radionuclide Myocardial Perfusion
50
Stress testing done in patients unable to exercise done with myocardial perfusion imaging
Localizes region of ischemia
Pharmacological Stress testing
51
Pharmacological Stress testing uses what drugs
CI: in what patients
Adenosine or Dipyridamole
Asthma, COPD --> vasospasm
52
Localizes area of ischemia + depicts wall abnormalities, views structure/function of heart
Used in patients CI of vasodilators:
Stress Echocardiography (Used Dobutamine)
53
Assesses Arterial pulses, Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms, or DVTs
Ultrasound
Venous Duplex in DVTs
54
MCC by atherosclerosis: Reduces Lumen 70% --> symptomatic.
RFs: DM-II (Worse factor, Smoking (Most modifiable), hyperlipidemia, HTN, >45 in men or >55 women, FMHx
Coronary Artery Disease
55
Chest < 30 minutes (1-5 minutes) relieved w rest/Nitro
Dyspnea, nausea, diaphoresis; predictable pattern
epigastric or shoulder pain
Angina Pectoris (Stable Angina)
56
Acute Coronary Syndrome includes
Myocardial ischemia 2T coronary Artery Thrombosis
Unstable Angina
NSTEMI
STEMI (ST Elevation Myocardial infarction)
57
Angina new in onset > 30 minutes
ST elevation Total occlusion
Positive Cardiac Enzymes.
STEMI (Pain at rest = 90% occlusion)
58
Angina new in onset > 30 minutes
ST Depression and or T wave inversion partial occlusion
Positive Cardiac Enzymes.
NSTEMI
59
Angina new in onset > 30 minutes
ST elevation/depression
Negative Cardiac Enzymes.
Unstable Angina
60
Chest pain that occurs in the a.m MC or 2T cocaine use
Coronary Artery Vasospasm (Prinzmetal Angina)
Management: CCBs Cocaine: Benzodiazipine "NO BBs"
61
Cardiac Enzyme that returns to baseline in 7-10 days and peaks at 12-24 hours
Troponin I and T
| Most Sensitive and specific
62
Cardiac Enzymes CK and CK-MB return to baseline in _____
3-4 days
63
Inhibits receptors on platelet surface
Aspirin, Clopidrogel, Tecagrelor, Prasugrel
Antiplatelets P2Y12
64
Block binding site for fibrinogen in platelets
Abciximab
Eptifibatide
Tirofiban
Antiplatelets GP IIb/IIIa
65
Anticoagulant through inactivation of thrombin
Warfarin, Heparin, LMWH
Fondaparinux, Dabigatran, Rivarobaxan, Apixaban
Anti-Thrombotic Therapy
66
Activates plasmin--> clot breakdown
Prevents clots and Thrombus
Streptokinase, Alteplase, Anistreplase
Fibrinolytic
67
Coumadin (Warfarin) Affects
PT and INR
68
Heparin affects
PTT
69
Reversal (Antidote) for Heparin or LMWH
Protamine Sulfate
70
Reversal Antidote for Coumadin (Warfarin)
Vitamin K
71
Vitamin K dependent Coagulation Factors II, VII, IX, X
Extrinsic Pathway (PT)
72
Antithrombotic Tx in UA, STEMI, NSTEMI
Antiplatelet- P2Y12 or GP IIb/IIIa
Antithrombin- Heparin, warfarin, FDR-A
MONA
BBs (Metoprolol) CCBs in vasospastic DO (Verapamil/Diltiazem)
Thrombolytic only in STEMI- (Adjunct therapy ACE)
73
HF with normal EF; +/- gallop is _____
Forced atrial contraction into a "stiff" ventricle
Thick walls small chamber
Diastolic HF
Gallop S4
74
HF with reduced EF; +/- gallop is _____
Forced atrial contraction into a "sloshing" ventricle
Thin walls dilated (Large) chamber.
Systolic HF (MC)
Gallop S3
75
HF MCC by coronary Artery Disease and Hypertension
Left sided HF
76
HF MCC by Left sided HF
Right sided Heart failure
77
HF most common symptom
Dyspnea
other: Edema, JVD, GI/hepatic congestion
78
Diagnosis of HF
Most important determinant of prognosis
Echocardiogram EF
Normal = 55-60% <35%= Increased Mortality
79
Enzyme that may identify CHF as cause of dyspnea
| > than ____ level
B-Type Natriuretic Peptide (BNP) >100= CHF Likely
80
1st Line of HF, decreases remodeling, and decrease mortality in post-MI
--> hyperkalemia, cough, angioedema
1st dose renal insufficiency
ACE Inhibitors -pril
81
Decreases mortality, Incr. EF, and reduces Ventricle size
Not in vasospastic DO
BBs -lol
82
No increase in Bradykinin --> no cough or Angioedema
ARBs -sartan
83
Most effective treatment for mild-mod HF/ Edema
works at loop of Henle--> hyperglycemia/uricemia hypokalemia/calcemia/natremia
Loop Diuretics -ide
84
Aldosterone antagonist; Potassium sparing: added in severe CHF
--> Hyperkalemia and Gynecomastia
Spironolactone
| Epleronone= better
85
Best in African Americans
--> hyperglycemia/uricemia
Hyponatremia/kalemia
Hydrochlorothiazide (Also CCB)
| Metolazone
86
Medication that lowers mortality and hospitalization
Leads to Increase of BNP: used in class II-IV w reduced EF
Sacubitril-Valsartan (Entresto)
87
cephalization occurs at Pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (PCWP) of ______ .
Worsening of dyspnea, rales, pink frothy sputum.
12-18 mmHg of PCWP
| Normal = 6-12 mmHg
88
MC Caused by enterovirus (coxsackie); fever usually +
Chest pain that is worse with inspiration: worse when supine, relieved by sitting or leaning forward.
Acute pericarditis
89
Pericardial friction rub is best heard when
upright and at end of expiration
90
Acute Pericarditis (Dressler) Treatment
Aspirin (NSAID) or Colchicine
91
Restriction of cardiac ventricular filling leading to decreased output.
Diastolic collapse of cardiac chambers
Pericardial Tamponade
92
Pericardial Tamponade Triad
Beck's Triad: Muffled HS, JVP, hypotension.
93
What is pulsus paradoxus in Pericardial Tamponade
> 10mmHg decrease in systolic BP with inspiration
94
Pericardial Knock high pitched 3rd HS 2t sudden stop of ventricular filling is associated with?
Constrictive pericarditis
95
What is the difference between constrictive pericarditis and Acute pericarditis
Constrictive pericarditis- Calcified pericardium
(Pericardiectomy Tx)
Acute pericarditis- Inflamed pericardium
96
Inflammation of the heart muscle most commonly caused by the Coxsackie Virus.
Dx: Bx is Gold standard: X-ray = cardiomegaly
S/Sx: fever, myalgias, malaise, with exercise intolerance
Myocarditis
97
Myocarditis treatment
Supportive: ACE, Dopamine, IVIG
98
What are the types of cardiomyopathies
Hypertrophic: 4%: Dyspnea MC; large septum: Sudden death: >15mm Syst Anterior wall motion of MV
Dilated-95%: Coxsackie: LVD: <30-35% EF= AICD
Restrictive-1% Amyloidosis/Sarco MCC: R heart failure:
normal wall thickness.
99
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy Treatment
1st Line- BBs
ICD placement: Myomectomy: Alcohol Septal Ablation
100
Dilated Cardiomyopathy Treatment
HF Tx- ACEi, diuretics, BBs
AICD if <30-35%
101
Cause- infection with GABHS (Strep Pyogenes). Stimulates Ab production to host--> organ damage
2-6 week onset
Rheumatic Fever
102
Rheumatic fever most common valve affected
Mitral Valve 75-80%
103
what is the criteria for rheumatic fever
JONES criteria (Polyarthritis MC)
Joints (MC), Oh my heart (Carditis), Nodules, Erythema Marginatum, Sydenham's chorea (MAJOR CRITERIA)
104
Rheumatic Fever Treatment
Penicillin G (Erythromycin if PCN allergy)
Aspirin
105
Erythema Multiforme is associated with
Herpes HSV (Target Lesion with Halo)
SOAPS- Sulfa, hypoglycemic, A-convulstant, PCN, NSAIDS
106
Erythema Migrans is associated with
Lyme Disease
107
Erythema Infectiousum is associated with
Parvo B19 (5th Disease) URI S/Sx 3-4 days prior to rash
108
Erythema Marginatum is associated with
Rheumatic Fever (Macule with central clearing)
109
Systolic Murmurs
MR: AS: TR: MVP: + HCM and PS
110
Diastolic Murmurs
AR: MS: MS: TS
111
"Crescendo-Decrescendo" Radiates to carotid [Aortic]
MC valve disease
Opening Ejection click: Increased= sitting leaning FWD
-Pulsus parvous e Tardus-
Aortic Stenosis
Tx-Not effective (No Nitrates/dilators in mod-severe)
112
"Holosystolic blowing" [Apex] radiates to axilla
Increase w Left lateral decubitis * handgrip
MCC- MVP Rheumatic disease
Mitral Regurgitation
Tx- Sx repair
113
"Mid-late systolic ejection click" [Apex] MC young women.
MCC: Marfan's, Ehler's Danlos, Osteogenesis Imperfecta
Increased with Valsalva/standing
Mitral Valve Prolapse
Tx- BB only (Good prognosis)
114
"Harsh Crescendo-Decrescendo" Associated with activity CP. Dyspnea MC complaint [LLSB]
Increased with Valsalva * Standing: +/- S4
HCM
Tx-BBs 1st line-- myectomy
115
"Holosystolic High Pitched" [L midsternal border]
Carvallo's sign- Increases with inspiration
Tricuspid Regurgitation
Tx- Diuretics (sx-severe)
116
"Decrescendo Blowing" [LUSB] rheumatic/endocarditis
Increased w sitting forward
Double pulse carotid upstroke- "Head bobbing" Musets
Aortic Regurgitation
Tx: ACEi--- Sx definitive
117
"Opening snap" + mid-systolic rumble [Apex LLD]
Always Rheumatic fever
P Mitrale +/- A-fib
Mitral Stenosis
Tx- Mitral Valve Repair
118
"Mid-diastolic Rumble" [LLSB xyphoid]
R sided HF: increased with inspiration
Tricuspid Stenosis
119
Diagnosis of Hypertension is made after
>= X2 Elevated readings on >=X2 different visits.
140/90 mmHg
120
Types of HTN
Primary- Idiopathic w RF
Secondary-Renal Artery Stenosis MCC, BC (estrogen), NSAIDS: Aldosteronism (conn's Hyper-), Pheo ("Refractive")
Pseudo Resistant- Decr. Adherence/Tx or white coat
121
HTN w/o organ damage: oral drug used an treatment?
HTN Urgency
Decrease BP by 25% 24-48 hrs PO to < 160/100
DOC: Clonidine or Captopril
122
HTN w Organ damage >180/120: Tx?
HTN Emergency
Neuro= Nicardipine, Labetolol or Clevidipine
Cardio= Dissection-Esmolol/Labetalol
ACS- Nitro+ BBs
HF-Nitro (Nitroprusside) + Lasix
Renal=Fenoldopam
123
Hypertensives
Contraindicated medications for CHF or 2nd/3rd HBs
CCBs Specially Non-dehydropyridines
124
Hypertensives:
Contraindicated in 2nd/3rd HBs and decompensated HF
BBs
125
Hypertensives:
Contraindicated in Pregnancy
ACEi
126
Hypertensives:
CI in sulfa allergies
Loop Diuretics
127
Hyoertensives:
CI in renal failure/ hyponatremia
Potassium Sparing diuretics
Spironolactone + Eplerenone
128
Signifies an advanced stage of malignant hypertension
Fundoscopic Papilledema
129
Goal BP for over 60 y/o
< 150/90
130
Initiation of Statin therapy guildelines
DM I-II = 40-75 yoa
>7.5% Risk MI or stroke in 10 years
>21 with LDL> 190 mg/dL
Any atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease
131
Best meds to lower LDL
Statins (DM-II) SE: Myalgias
132
Best meds to lower triglycerides
Fibrates (Severe renal Dz/Hepatic) or Niacin
133
Best meds to increased HDL
Niacin (hyperglycemia/ flushing)
134
Only lipid lowering medication safe in pregnancy
Bile Acid Sequestrants (Cholest- /Colest-)
135
High intensity Statin
Atorvastatin
| Rosuvastatin
136
Low intensity
Pravastatin
Lovastatin
Fluvastatin
Simvastatin
137
Fever of unknown origin (80-90%), fatigue, anorexia, WL
Janeway lesions; Roth Spots, Osler's nodes, Splinter hemorrhages
Infective Endocarditis
138
Infective Endocarditis MC Valve Involved
Mitral
139
MC IV Drug User Infective Endocarditis valve involved
Tricuspid
140
What is a Janeway Lesion
Painless erythematous macules @ palms and soles
| Osler @ pads of digits
141
What is a Roth spot
Retinal hemorrhages
142
Infective Endocarditis DX + Tx?
Dx- Blood cultures X3 sets 1 hour apart: Inc- ESR/RF
Duke Criteria
Tx- Nafcillin+ Gentamycin 4-6 weeks (Vanco if MRSA)
143
Prophylaxis Indications for Endocarditis
Amoxicillin 2G 30-60 min prior to procedure
Clindamycin if PCN allergy
144
MCC of Endocarditis Normal valve/Abnormal? IVDU? Prosthetic valve?
Normal valve= Virus or S. Aureus
Abnormal = S. Viridans
IVDU= MRSA
Prosthetic Valve= S. Epidermis
145
Clinical Manifestation of Peripheral Arterial disease X5
Resting leg pain: Intermittent claudication: Gangrene: Acute Arterial Embolism:
Atherosclerotic disease of lower extremity
146
Quickest non-invasive most useful screening tool for Chronic PAD?
positive if ABI < 0.90 (Ankle-Brachial Index norm 1-1.2)
147
Gold standard Dx tool for PAD?
Tx?
Arteriography
1st- Cilastazol (claudication) --> Angiplasty/Saph bypass grafts
148
PE findings in PAD
Pain, paralysis, pale (on elevation), Pulseless, paresthesia:
Lateral malleolus ulcers ( Medial Malleolus= CV insuff.)
149
Seen in Increased estrogen OCPs, pregnancy, prolonged standing and obesity.
venous Stasis ulcers, pain/edema relieved with elevation, tortuous veins: Tx
Varicose Veins
Tx: Elastic compressions: Sclerotherapy/ Laser Ablation
150
Cerulea Albans + Cerulea Dolens are ass. with what?
Deep Vein Thrombosis
Albans= white pallor Dolens= Cyanotic Hue
151
what is the triad for DVT?
Virchow's Triad
Venous Stasis, hypercoagulation, and endothelial damage
152
Most specific symptom/ sign of DVT
Unilateral LE swelling >3cm
153
DVT Dx (1st Line and GS) and Tx?
Dx- Venous duplex US "1st Line" Venography GS
D-Dimer Wells score< 1
Tx- LMWH (PTT 1.5-2.5) Preferred in PREGO/Malignancy
154
Male >60, severe back or abdominal pain with syncope/hypotension
+ tender pulsatile abdominal mass.
Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm
155
MC RF for Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm
Atherosclerosis#1-----> >60, smoking, HTN
156
Surgical repair recommendations for AAA
Immediate- >5.5 cm or 0.5 w/i 6 mos
>4.5 cm= Sx referral
4-4.5 cm = Monitor every 6 mos
>3= US every year
157
AAA Dx + Tx ?
Dx- 1st Line US TOC= CT GS=Angiography
TX: Initial= BBs Definitive= Sx
158
MC site for AAA
Infrarenally
159
Most important predisposing factor is HTN: Sudden
Severe tearing pain @ chest/upper back.
Decreased peripheral pulses, new onset aortic regurgitation.
Aortic Dissection (Tear of Aorta Intima)
160
Aortic Dissection Dx? Tx?
TOC-CT GS-MRI Angiography CXR- Widening Media
Tx-Esmolol/Labetalol (100/120 <60BPM target) +
Nitroprusside or Nicardipine
161
Non-atherosclerotic inflammatory medium artery and vein disease. Strongly associated with tobacco.
Distal extremity ischemia, ulcers, and gangrene.
Thromboangiitis Obliterans (Buerger's Disease)
162
Aortic Dissection type that involves the ascending aorta and aortic arch and beyond distally
Debakey Type I
163
Aortic Dissection type that involves the ascending aorta
Debakey Type II
164
Aortic Dissection type that involves the descending aorta
Debakey Type III
165
Inflammation or thrombus of a superficial vein: Palpable cord non-compressible vein
MC in IV catheterization, trauma, pregnancy, varicose V
Superficial Thrombophlebitis
166
Superficial Thrombophlebitis Dx + Tx?
Dx- Venous Duplex US
Tx- Supportive: NSAID, stockings, elevate extremity
Heparin or warfarin: Phlebectomy
167
MC occurs after superficial thrombophlebitis, DVT or trauma. Leg pain/edema, color improves with elevation
Stasis dermatitis- scaling, itching, rash, erosion, crusting
Brownish hyperpigmentation.
Chronic Venous insufficiency
168
Most common primary cardiac tumor in adults (rare). Pedunculated.
Flu like, fever, palpitations, +/- murmur 90% Atrial
Atrial Myxoma
169
Dx with tilts (what is tilts)
Postural Hypotension (Orthostatic) After 5 min. supine
< Sys. BP >= 20 mmHg
Dia >= 10mmHg
> 15 BPM increase within 2-5 min of quiet tanding
170
4 main types of shock
Distributive
Obstructive
Cardiogenic
Hypovolemic
171
Distributive shock
Neuro, Endo, Septic, Anaphylactic
172
Obstructive
PE, Tamponade, PTX, Aortic Dissection
173
Cardiogenic
MI, arrhythmia, HF
174
Hypovolemic
Blood loss
Fluid Loss
175
Difference between SIRS and Sepsis?
| Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome
SIRS- state of systemic inflammation
Sepsis- Presence of SIRS with a source of infection
176
What is the difference between Sepsis and septic shock
Septic shock is sepsis with refractory HYTN
177
Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome (SIRS)
| you musts have at least 2 of the following?
Temperature
Tachycardia
Tachypnea
WBC >12,000 or <4,000
