Cardio

Question 1

Patient has fever and pleuritic chest pain that is relieved by sitting up and leaning forward

Answer 1

Pericarditis

Question 2

. Irregularly irregular pulse

Answer 2

Atrial Fibrillation

Question 3

ECG - saw tooth baseline + 150 bpm

Answer 3

Atrial Flutter

Question 4

Alveolar bat’s wings, Kerley B lines, cardiomegaly, dilated prominent upper lobe vessels, pleural effusion

Answer 4

Pulmonary oedema

Question 5

Raised JVP/hepatojugular

Answer 5

Right-sided heart failure

Question 6

Sense of impending doom

Answer 6

MI

Question 7

Saddle shaped ST elevation

Answer 7

Pericarditis

Question 8

Broad complex tachycardia

Answer 8

Ventricular problem

Question 9

Mid-diastolic murmur

Answer 9

Mitral Stenosis

Question 10

Tapping, un-displaced apex beat

Answer 10

Mitral Stenosis

Question 11

Broad QRS with slurred upstroke on R wave (delta wave)

Answer 11

Wolff-Parkinson White syndrome

Question 12

Tall, tented T waves

Answer 12

Hyperkalaemia (and wide QRS complexes)

Question 13

Patient gets pericarditis 4-6 weeks post MI

Answer 13

Dressler’s syndrome

Question 14

“Blurred yellowing vision headache”

Answer 14

Digoxin Toxicity

Question 15

Janeway Lesions/Osler’s Nodes

Answer 15

Subacute bacterial endocarditis

Question 16

Continuous Machine like Heart Murmur

Answer 16

Patent Ductus Arteriosus (PDA)

Question 17

Rib Notching on CXR

Answer 17

Coarctation of the aorta

Question 18

Crescendo decrescendo murmur

Answer 18

Aortic Stenosis

Question 19

Diminished/absent lower limb pulses

Answer 19

Coarctation of the aorta

Question 20

MRS ASS

Answer 20

Mitral Regurgitation Systolic, Aortic Stenosis Systolic

Question 21

Slow rising pulse

Answer 21

Aortic stenosis

Question 22

Collapsing pulse

Answer 22

Aortic regurgitation

Question 23

Bounding pulse

Answer 23

Acute CO2 retention, sepsis

Question 24

Radiofemoral delay

Answer 24

Coarctation of aorta

Question 25

Jerky pulse

Answer 25

Hypertrophic Obstructive Cardiomyopathy | OR mitral regurgitation

Question 26

Pulsus bisferiens

Answer 26

Hypertrophic Obstructive Cardiomyopathy | biphasic pulse

Question 27

Pulsus paradoxus

Answer 27

Cardiac tamponade, constrictive pericarditis

Question 28

Raised, fixed JVP

Answer 28

SVC obstruction

Question 29

JVP rising on inspiration

Answer 29

Cardiac tamponade, constrictive pericarditis

Question 30

Side effect of ACEI

Answer 30

Dry cough | Contraindicated in Renal artery stenosis

Question 31

Radial-radial delay

Answer 31

Aortic dissection/coarctation of aorta

Question 32

Splinter haemorrhages

Answer 32

Infective endocarditis

Question 33

Infective endocarditis organisms

Answer 33

Prosthetic valves or IV drug users = staph aureus | In mouth after dental surgery = strep viridans

Question 34

Atrial myxoma

Answer 34

Non-cancerous tumour in upper left/right side of heart; most often grows on wall that separates the two sides.

Question 35

Cardiac tamponade

Answer 35

Collection of blood/fluid/pus/clots/gas around the heart/pericardial space that prevents contractions. Medical emergency.

Question 36

Treatment of pericarditis

Answer 36

Pain relief; NSAIDs (non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug)

Question 37

Tetralogy of fallot

Answer 37

Congenital heart disease. 1) large ventricular septal defect 2) overriding aorta 3) right ventricular outflow obstruction 4) right ventricular hypertrophy

Question 38

Wide pulse pressure

Answer 38

Aortic regurgitation | Also aortic dissection, complete heart block, thyrotoxicosis, persistent ductus arteriosus

Question 39

Absent 'a' waves

Answer 39

AF

Question 40

Cannon 'a' waves

Answer 40

Complete heart block

Question 41

Loud first heart sound

Answer 41

Mitral Stenosis

Question 42

Displaced, overloaded apex beat

Answer 42

HLHS valve regurgitation

Question 43

Soft first heart sound

Answer 43

Mitral Regurgitation

Question 44

Narrow pulse pressure

Answer 44

Aortic Stenosis

Question 45

Soft second heart sound

Answer 45

Aortic Stenosis

Question 46

Malar flush

Answer 46

Mitral Stenosis

Question 47

Pulsatile hepatomegaly

Answer 47

Tricuspid Regurgitation

Question 48

Corrigan's sign

Answer 48

i.e. Collapsing pulse | = Aortic Regurgitation

Question 49

de Musset's Sign

Answer 49

Aortic Regurgitation | Head nodding

Question 50

Capillary pulsations in nail-bed (Quincke’s sign)

Answer 50

Aortic Regurgitation

Question 51

Pistol-shot heard over femorals (Traube’s sign)

Answer 51

Aortic Regurgitation

Question 52

Fixed split second heart sound

Answer 52

ASD (atrial septal defect)

Question 53

Cyanosis first day of life | Chest x-ray: egg-shaped ventricles

Answer 53

Transposition of the great vessels

Question 54

Cyanosis first month of life | Chest x-ray: boot-shaped heart

Answer 54

Tetralogy of Fallot

Question 55

Bifid ‘p’ wave

Answer 55

Mitral Stenosis

Question 56

Peaked ‘p’ wave

Answer 56

Tricuspid Stenosis

Question 57

S I, Q III, T III pattern | deep S waves in I, Q waves in III, inverted T waves in III

Answer 57

PE

Question 58

Flattened ‘t’ waves, prominent ‘U’ waves (muscle weakness, cramps, tetany)

Answer 58

Hypokalaemia

Question 59

Long QT (which electrolyte imbalance)

Answer 59

Hypocalcaemia

Question 60

Reciprocal changes V1, V2 (tall R waves, ST depression, tall upright T waves)

Answer 60

Posterior MI

Question 61

drug causing - impotence

Answer 61

beta blockers

Question 62

drug causing - cold peripheries

Answer 62

beta blockers

Question 63

drug causing - SOB

Answer 63

beta blockers

Question 64

drug causing - dry cough

Answer 64

ace inhibitors

Question 65

drug causing - Gynaecomastia

Answer 65

spironolactone

Question 66

drug causing - constipation

Answer 66

verapamil

Question 67

drug causing - ankle oedema

Answer 67

nifedipine

Question 68

drug causing - gout

Answer 68

thiazide diuretics

Question 69

drug causing - increased hair growth

Answer 69

minoxidil

Question 70

drug causing - SLE (lupus)

Answer 70

hydralazine

Question 71

Distant heart sounds, distended jugular veins, decreased arterial pressure

Answer 71

acute cardiac tamponade (Beck’s triad - 3Ds)

Question 72

Shock and new systolic murmur, days after MI

Answer 72

Ventricular septal defect

Question 73

Rhythm where patient is pulseless and cardioversion is always required

Answer 73

VF

Question 74

Alcohol-related heart abnormality

Answer 74

Dilated cardiomyopathy

Question 75

Young, healthy person collapses and dies upon exertion

Answer 75

Hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy

Question 76

Strawberry milkshake coloured blood

Answer 76

Hyperlipidaemia

Question 77

drug causing - slate grey rash

Answer 77

Amiodarone