GI

Question 1

Gingival hypertrophy

Answer 1

Side effect of CCBs or phenytoin

Question 2

Bird beak appearance and distended oesophagus

Answer 2

Achalasia

if in lower GI imaging - sign of bowel obstruction

Question 3

Grey Turner’s sign (lumbar redness)

Answer 3

acute pancreatitis

Question 4

Cullen’s sign (umbilical redness)

Answer 4

acute pancreatitis

Question 5

Murphy’s sign

Answer 5

cholecystitis

Question 6

Pale stools, jaundice, abdo pain

Answer 6

biliary obstruction

Question 7

Adbo distension, caput medusae, shifting dullness

Answer 7

Portal hypertension + ascites

Question 8

Pyoderma gangrenosum, erythema nodosum

Answer 8

Crohn’s/UC

Question 9

“Tinkling bowel sounds”

Answer 9

bowel obstruction

Question 10

Vesicular rash + weight loss

Answer 10

Coeliac disease

Question 11

Virchow’s node (left supra-clavicular)

Answer 11

gastric cancer

Question 12

Urea breath test

Answer 12

H pylori

Question 13

14C breath test

Answer 13

bacterial overgrowth

Question 14

“Rice-water”-like stools

Answer 14

vibrio cholera

Question 15

Presence of AMA

Answer 15

PBC

anti mitochondrial antibodies

Question 16

Presence of ASMA

Answer 16

Autoimmune hepatitis

anti smooth muscle antibodies

Question 17

Raised AFP

Answer 17

hepatocellular carcinoma (or teratoma)

Question 18

‘Cobblestone mucosa’

Answer 18

Crohn’s Disease

deep fissuring ulceration of mucosa

Question 19

Diuretic for ascites (due to cirrhosis)

Answer 19

Spironolactone

Question 20

Corkscrew oesophagus on barium swallow

Answer 20

Diffuse oesophageal spasm

Question 21

Severe abdo pain + D&V after raw milk

Answer 21

Campylobacter

Question 22

Russell’s sign

Answer 22

self-induced vomiting

Question 23

Mallory’s hyaline bodies

Answer 23

alcoholic liver disease (acute hepatitis) and chronic active hepatitis

Question 24

Crypt abscess/cryptitis

Answer 24

Inflammatory Bowel CROHN’S

Question 25

Onion skinning fibrosis, beading of bile ducts

Answer 25

Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis

Question 26

“Signet Ring” cells seen on biopsy

Answer 26

Linitis plastica - diffuse stomach cancer

Question 27

Thumb-printing on x-ray, commonly at splenic flexure

Answer 27

Ischaemic colitis

Question 28

Charcot’s triad

Answer 28

Acute cholangitis | i.e. fever, jaundice and abdominal pain secondary to cholelithiasis

Question 29

Causes of abdominal mass

Answer 29

A CHEMICAL: | AAA, Crohn’s, hernia, enlarged organ, malignancy, interssusception, cyst or abscess, appendicitis, lymphadenopathy

Question 30

Causes of bowel obstruction

Answer 30

BATH VIPS: | bolus, adhesions, tumour, hernia, volvulus, intersussception, pseudo-obstruction, stricture.

Question 31

Stomatitis gangrenosum

Answer 31

Crohn's

Question 32

In oesophagus, stratified squamous epithelium >> simple columnar epithelium

Answer 32

Barrett's oesophagus

Question 33

Duke's classification

Answer 33

Bowel cancer

Question 34

Causes of abdominal distension

Answer 34

``` Fat Foetus Flatus Faeces Fluid Fucking massive tumour ```

Question 35

Causes of pancreatitis

Answer 35

GET SMASHED | gallstones, ethanol, trauma, steroids, mumps, autoimmune, scorpion stings, hyperlipidaemia/hypercalcaemia, ERCP, drugs

Question 36

Causes of liver disease

Answer 36

``` A - Autoimmune B - Hepatitis B C - Hepatitis C D - Drugs e.g. paracetamol E - Ethanol F - Fatty Liver Disease (NASH ~ obesity) G - Growth (cancer/metastases) H - Haemodynamic e.g. congestive heart failure I - Infiltration [iron] (e.g. haemochromatosis, Wilson’s Disease) or I - Infective ```

Question 37

Colicky loin pain radiating to groin

Answer 37

Ureteric colic

Question 38

Jaundice and constant upper right quadrant pain

Answer 38

Biliary colic

Question 39

Severe epigastric pain radiating to back, associated with vomiting

Answer 39

Acute pancreatitis

Question 40

Periumbilical pain radiating to right iliac fossa

Answer 40

Acute appendicitis

Question 41

Central abdominal pain, expansile pulsatile mass

Answer 41

AAA

Question 42

Iliac fossa pain, positive pregnancy test

Answer 42

Ectopic pregnancy

Question 43

Asterixis (liver flap)

Answer 43

Encephalopathy

Question 44

Leuconychia

Answer 44

Hypoalbuminaemia

Question 45

Koilonychia

Answer 45

IDA

Question 46

Buccal pigmentation

Answer 46

PJ syndrome

Question 47

Glossitis

Answer 47

B12 deficiency

Question 48

Aphthous ulceration

Answer 48

Crohn's | Coeliac disease

Question 49

Craggy hepatomegaly

Answer 49

Liver malignancy

Question 50

Bronze pigmentation of skin

Answer 50

Haemachromatosis

Question 51

Middle-aged man, pruritis, jaundice, abdo. pain, AMA negative, high ALP

Answer 51

PSC

Question 52

Drug given for gastroparesis following an MI

Answer 52

metoclopramide

Question 53

Coffee bean sign on AXR

Answer 53

Sigmoid volvulus | loop of distended bowel

Question 54

Degenerative loss of ganglia from Auerbach’s plexus

Answer 54

Achalasia

Question 55

Congenital loss of ganglia from Auerbach’s plexus

Answer 55

Hirschsprung’s disease

Question 56

Patient with anxiety, feeling of lump in throat

Answer 56

Globus hystericus

Question 57

Faecolith obstruction

Answer 57

Most common cause of acute appendicitis

Question 58

RUQ pain, jaundice and fever

Answer 58

Charcot's triad of ascending cholangitis