Cardio A&P

Question 1

How much blood does the heart pump per day?

Answer 1

Roughly 7000-9000 L

Question 2

Occurs when the hearts apex rotates forward with systole, gently beating against the chest wall and producing pulsation

Answer 2

Point of Maximal Impulse

Question 3

A protective double-walled sac around the heart composed of 2 layers

Answer 3

Pericardium

Question 4

Layers of the Pericardium

Answer 4

1. Visceral/Epicardium (inner)
2. Parietal (outer fibrous layer)

Question 5

How much pericardial fluid separates the layers of the pericardium?

Answer 5

Approx. 25-50 mL pericardial fluid

Question 6

Chambers if the Heart

Answer 6

• 2 atria, left and right
• 2 ventricles, left and right

Question 7

Blood returning to the heart superior to the diaphragm

Answer 7

Superior Vena Cava

Question 8

Blood returning to the heart inferior to the diaphragm

Answer 8

Inferior Vena Cava

Question 9

Brings Blood from the myocardium

Answer 9

Coronary Sinus

Question 10

How does blood enter the left atria?

Answer 10

Through the 4 pulmonary veins

Question 11

Lies between atria and ventricles preventing back flow into the atria when ventricles contract (2)

Answer 11

Atrioventricular Valves

Question 12

Valve between right atrium and right ventricle

Answer 12

Tricuspid Valve

Question 13

Valve between left atrium to left ventricle

Answer 13

Bicuspid Valve

Question 14

White collagen cords which anchor the cusps to the papillary muscles protruding from the ventricle walls

Answer 14

Chordae Tendinaea

Question 15

Connects the right ventricle to the pulmonary artery

Answer 15

Right Semilunar Valve (pulmonary valve)

Question 16

Connects the left ventricle to the aorta

Answer 16

Left Semilunar Valve (Aortic valve)

Question 17

Pathway of blood through the heart and lungs

Answer 17

Blood enters heart via venae cavae —> right atrium —> tricuspid valve —> right ventricle —> pulmonary valve —> pulmonary arteries —> lungs —> pulmonary veins —> left atrium —> bicuspid valve —> left ventricle —> aortic valve —> aorta —> systemic circulation

Question 18

Supplies blood to heart muscle

Answer 18

Coronary Circulation

Question 19

Numerous connections (anastomoses) between the arterioles ensure
blood delivery to heart even if major vessels are occluded

Answer 19

Collateral Circulation

Question 20

In the sulcus (groove) between the right atrium and right ventricle

Answer 20

Right Coronary Artery (RCA)

Question 21

Supplies the surface of right ventricle

Answer 21

Marginal Arteries

Question 22

Subdivides into left anterior descending (LAD) and circumflex artery (CX)

Answer 22

Left Coronary Artery (LCA)

Question 23

• Anterior and lateral left ventricle
• Anterior 2/3 of interventricular septum
• Most of right and left bundle branch

Answer 23

Left Anterior Descending Artery (LAD)

Question 24

• Left atrium
• Inferior and lateral left ventricle (15%)
• SA node (40%) and AV bundle (10-15%)

Answer 24

Circumflex Coronary Artery (CX)