Acute CO2 retention, hepatic failure, sepsis

Cardio and Resp Flashcards by Carlos Noble Jesus

Salbutamol is linked with what electrolyte disturbance?

Hypokalaemia

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Management of TB

2 months: rifampicin, isoniazid, pyrazinamide, ethambutol (RIPE)

4 months: rifampicin, isoniazid

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Isoniazid is associated with the depletion of what vitamin?

Vitamin B₆ (can manifest as peripheral neuropathy)

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Is COPD a cause of finger clubbing?

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Most common lung cancer in non-smokers

Adenocarcinoma

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Lung cancer that releases PTHrP

Squamous cell carcinoma

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Pneumonia with purulent dark sputum and upper lobe consolidation is likely to be caused by…

Klebsiella pneumoniae

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Drug used for relatively rapid blood pressure lowering

Sodium nitroprusside

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What artery supplies the inferior and posterior aspects of the left ventricle?

Right coronary artery

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What is Kussmaul’s sign?

Paradoxical rise in JVP on inspiration

(generally seen in constrictive pericarditis)

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What drug is an effective as-needed treatment to abort an attack in paroxysmal AF?

Oral flecainide

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Slow-rising pulse

Aortic stenosis

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Collapsing pulse

Aortic regurgitation

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Bounding pulse

Acute CO₂ retention, hepatic failure, sepsis

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Radiofemoral delay

Coarctation of the aorta

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Jerky pulse

HOCM

Mitral regurgitation

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Pulsus bisferiens (biphasic pulse)

Mixed aortic valve disease

HOCM

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Pulsus paradoxus

Constrictive pericarditis

Cardiac tamponade

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Raised, fixed JVP

Superior vena cava obstruction

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JVP rising on inspiration

Cardiac temponade

Constrictive pericarditis

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Large ‘v’ waves

Triscupid regurgitation

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Absent ‘a’ waves

Atrial fibrillation

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Cannon ‘a’ waves

Complete heart block

AV dissociation

Ventricular arrhythmias

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Tapping apex beat
Loud first heart sound
Rumbling mid-diastolic murmur
- louder in left lateral position on expiration

Mitral stenosis

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* Harsh pansystolic murmur - lower left sternal edge * Left parasternal heave

Ventricular septal defect

* Narrow pulse pressure * Soft second heart sound * Ejection systolic murmur heard in aortic area radiating to carotids and apex

Aortic stenosis

* Large systolic 'v' waves * Pansystolic murmur - lower left sternal edge * best heard in inspiration

Tricuspid regurgitation

* Displaced, volume overloaded apex beat * Soft first heart sound * Pansystolic murmur at apex radiating to axilla * louder in expiration

Mitral regurgitation

* Wide pulse pressure * Displaced, volume-overloaded apex beat * Early diastolic murmur at lower sternal edge * best heard in expiration leaning forward

Aortic regurgitation

Malar flush

Mitral stenosis

Pulsatile hepatomegaly

Tricuspid regurgitation

What is Corrigan's sign?

Carotid pulsation | (seen in AR)

What is Quincke's sign?

Pulsatile nail beds | (seen in AR)

What is Traube's sign?

Pistol-shot heard over femorals | (heard in AR)

What is De Musset's sign?

Head nodding | (seen in AR)

Cyanosis first month of life CXR: boot-shaped heart

Tetralogy of Fallot

Cyanosis first day of life CXR: egg-shaped ventricles

Transposition of the great vessels

Wide, fixed split second heart sound Ejection systolic murmur 2nd, 3rd intercostal space

Atrial septal defect

Continuous 'machinery' murmur below left clavicle

Patent ductus arteriosus

'Saw tooth' pattern with normal complexes

Atrial flutter

Peaked 'p' wave

Right atrial hypertrophy e.g. pulmonary hypertension, triscupid stenosis

Absent 'p' wave

Atrial fibrillation Sinoatrial block

Saddle-shaped ST elevation

Acute constrictive pericarditis

Bifid 'p' wave

Left atrial hypertrophy e.g. mitral stenosis

S1, Q3, T3 pattern Right axis deviation RBBB

Pulmonary embolus

Flattened 't' waves Prominent 'u' waves Muscle weakness, cramps, tetany

Hypokalaemia

Long 'Q-T' interval Tetany, perioral paraesthesia, carpopedal spasm

Hypocalcaemia

Tall tented 't' waves Wide QRS complex

Hyperkalaemia

Signs of infarct in II, III, aVF

Inferior infarct

Reciprocal changes in V1, V2: Tall R waves ST depression Tall upright T waves

Posterior infarct

Signs of infarct in V2-V5

Anterior infarct

Signs of infarct in I, aVL, V2-V6

Anterolateral infarct

Order the ECG signs of an MI: A. Q waves B. ST elevation C. Hyperacute T waves

C → B → A

**Cardiovascular drug side-effects:** Impotence SoB Cold peripheries

Beta-blockers

**Cardiovascular drug side-effects:** Gynaecomastia

Digoxin, spironolactone

**Cardiovascular drug side-effects:** Flushing Headache Ankle oedema

Nifedipine

**Cardiovascular drug side-effects:** Drug-induced SLE

Hydralazine

**Cardiovascular drug side-effects:** Hyper-/hypo-thyroidism Corneal microdeposits Lung/liver fibrosis

Amiodarone

**Cardiovascular drug side-effects:** Constipation

Verapamil

**Cardiovascular drug side-effects:** Gout (hyperuricaemia)

Thiazide diuretics

**X-ray** Kerley B lines Bat-wing shadowing

Heart failure

**X-ray** Tram-line shadowing

Bronchiectasis

**X-ray** Ground-glass appearance

Fibrosis

**X-ray** Pleural mass with lobulated margin

Mesothelioma

**X-ray** Miliary shadowing

Miliary TB

**X-ray** Wedge-shaped infarct

Pulmonary embolus

**X-ray** Honeycomb appearance

Fibrosis (late)

Positive cold agglutinins

Mycoplasma infection

Occupation involving water systems

Legionella infection

Cavitating lungs

Staphylococcal / klebsiella infection

Contact with birds

*Chlamydia psittaci*

HIV positive Bilateral hilar shadowing

*Pneumocystis jiroveci* pneumonia

**Respiratory drug side-effects:** Retrobulbar neuritis (pain, loss of vision)

Ethambutol

**Respiratory drug side-effects:** Gout

Pyrazinamide

**Respiratory drug side-effects:** Candidiasis mouth/pharynx

Inhaled high-dose corticosteroids

**Respiratory drug side-effects:** Tremor, tachycardia

Salbutamol

**Respiratory drug side-effects:** Orange-coloured tears/urine

Rifampicin

**Respiratory drug side-effects:** Peripheral neuropathy, hepatitis

Isoniazid

What artery supplies the anterolateral terrtory (I, aVL, V5-6)?

Circumflex artery

What artery supplies the septum (V1-V4)?

Left anterior descending artery

Short PR interval Delta waves / slow upstrokes in R waves

Wolff-Parkinson-White

What is characteristically heard on auscultation in atrial myxoma?

Loud third heart sound | (along with a mid-diastolic murmur)

Cardio and Resp Flashcards

(82 cards)