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Animal Diseases > Cardio and Respiratory Dz > Flashcards

Cardio and Respiratory Dz Flashcards

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1
Q

What is another common name for canine infectious tracheobronchitis?

A

Kennel Cough

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2
Q

Which animal groups does IMHA commonly effect?

A

Females, 2-8 yrs, dogs

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3
Q

The lifespan of the adult Dirofilaria immitis is what in cats?

A

2 years

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4
Q

What symptoms do HW positive cats exhibit that dogs typically don’t?

A

Vomiting

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5
Q

What 2 diagnostic procedures are used to diagnose nasal tumors or masses?

A

Radiography and CT/MRI

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6
Q

What is the preferred spot for thoracocentesis?

A

7th intercostal

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7
Q

The most common systemic mycotic disease in cats is caused by what?

A

Cryptococcus

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8
Q

What are symptoms of IMHA?

A

Pale to white MM, tachycardia, icterus, anorexia, lethargy/depression, weakness, hemoglobinuria

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9
Q

What happens during IMHA?

A

RBC destroyed by immune system. RBC agglutinate, liver is taxed from processing bilirubin from killed RBC, thrombosis happens.

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10
Q

How is IMHA diagnosed?

A

BW: regenerative anemia. High reticulocytes, spherocytes on blood smear. Positive agglutination test. Coombs test- confirmatory

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11
Q

A Coomb’s test helps confirm what disease?

A

IMHA

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12
Q

What drugs are used in treating IMHA?

A

corticosteroids or Azathioprine/Cyclosporine.

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13
Q

What is the prognosis for IMHA?

A

Guarded

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14
Q

What does IMTP stand for?

A

Immune mediated thrombocytopenia

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15
Q

What is IMTP most common in?

A

Females, dogs, cats 5-6 yrs

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16
Q

What are symptoms of IMTP?

A

Epistaxis, petechia, ecchymosis, gingival bleeding, melena, weakness, lethargy, anorexia.

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17
Q

How is IMTP diagnosed?

A

CBC: thrombocytopenia, confirm on blood smear to rule out platelet clumping. -+anemia. Bone marrow biopsy.

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18
Q

What nursing care can be done for IMTP?

A

Gentle handling, padded kennel, strict rest. Avoid large vessel venipuncture. Pressure wrap venipuncture site for longer, monitor closely for bleeding

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19
Q

IMHA and IMTP together is commonly called what?

A

Evan’s Disease

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20
Q

What is the prognosis for IMTP?

A

Poor

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21
Q

Kennel cough commonly effects which group of pets?

A

Dogs, very young, old, immunocompromised

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22
Q

What are symptoms of kennel cough?

A

Honking, usually unproductive cough. Can develop pneumonia.

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23
Q

How can kennel cough be diagnosed?

A

Clincal signs, hx, cough elicited with tracheal palpation, radiographs to rule out pneumonia, collapsing trachea

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24
Q

Antitussives are only used in what kind of coughs?

A

Nonproductive

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25
What 2 viruses together cause 90% of feline URIs? Which is more severe?
Feline Herpesvirus and Calicivirus | Herpesvirus
26
How is feline herpesvirus spread?
In the air
27
How is feline calicivirus spread?
Direct contact
28
What are symptoms of FHV/Calicivirus?
Coughing, sneezing, conjunctivits, fever, depression/lethargy, anorexia, oral ulceration (calicivirus)
29
How is FHV/Calicivirus diagnosed?
Clinical signs, PCR test to isolate viral DNA on nasal secretions of conjunctival swab
30
FHV is also known as what?
FVR, feline viral rhinotracheitis
31
What supplement can be given to cats with URI?
Lysine
32
Which animals are more likely to get pneumonia?
Dogs, and at any age
33
Pneumonia is infection in which part of the respiratory system?
Lower, which includes the lungs and bronchi
34
What are symptoms of pnemonia?
Cough, labored breathing, anorexia, lethargy, nasal discharge, -+fever, vomiting/regurgitation
35
What are 2 diagnostic procedures done to diagnose pneumonia?
Transtracheal wash and thoracic radiographs of the alveoli
36
What are potential causative agents of fungal lung infection?
Blastomycosis,Coccidiomycosis, Histoplasmosis, Cryptococcosis, Aspergillosis
37
What are symptoms of fungal lung infection?
Cough, fever, anorexia, weight loss, tachypnea, exercise intolerance, lymphadenopathy, ocular/nasal discharge, clinical signs vary dependong on fungus
38
What 3 fungal medications are used to treat fungal lung infections?
Ketoconazole Itraconazole Fluconazole
39
Which animal group are more susceptible to having asthma?
Cats, any age, mostly adults and Siamese
40
Asthma effects which part of the respiratory tract?
Lower
41
What 3 diagnostic procedures are done to diagnose asthma?
Tracheal wash, bronchoscopy, thoracic radiographs (Thickening of the bronchial wall)
42
Collapsing trachea often affects which animal group?
Small breed/obese dogs, middle age to older
43
Which parts of the trachea collapse in a collapsing trachea?
Cervical trachea collapses during inspiration, and the thoracic trachea collapsing during expiration
44
What are signs of a collapsing trachea?
``` Dyspnea • Exercise intolerance • Honking cough • Retching • Syncope Clinical signs are worse with tracheal irritation or pressure, exercise, heat, humidity, and excitement ```
45
What 2 surgeries can be done to correct collapsing trachea?
Tracheal stint and extraluminal prosthesis rings
46
Laryngeal paralysis is most common in which animals?
Hereditary in Bouvier des Flandres and Siberian Husky Dogs: Labrador Retriever, Golden Retriever Male > female Large breed, older dogs
47
What happens during laryngeal paralysis?
Neuropathy causes one or both vocal folds to become paralyzed, animal is unable to move it normally, creating an obstruction for air movement, and increasing the likelihood of aspiration
48
What is the laryngeal paralysis of geriatric dogs called?
Geriatric onset laryngeal paralysis | polyneuropathy (GOLPP)
49
What are signs of laryngeal paralysis?
``` Panting • Dyspnea • Noisy respirations • Occasional cough • Change in voice • Inspiratory stridor • Hyperthermia • Cyanosis All made worse with heat, humidity, exercise, or excitement ```
50
What surgical procedure can be done for laryngeal paralysis?
Arytenoid lateralization
51
What diagnostic procedure is used to diagnose laryngeal paralysis?
Laryngoscopy
52
What are the most common pulmonary neoplasias?
Adenocarcinomas
53
What is pleural effusion?
Fluid buildup between the lungs and the body wall – makes it more difficult for the lungs to fully inflate
54
What are signs of pleural effusion?
Rapid, shallow breathing, cats: open mouthed breathing, weight loss, lethargy, decreased appetite, cyanosis, heart/lung sounds muffled
55
What diagnostics can be used to diagnosis pleural effusion?
Xrays, cysto, C&S, cytology
56
DCM occurs more in which group of animals?
Dogs>Cats, older, lg breed dogs, older mixed cats
57
What is DCM?
Dilation of the heart chambers result in thinner heart muscle, making contraction less efficient at moving blood`
58
What tests can be done to diagnose DCM?
Taurine levels, radiographs, ecg, Cardiopet ProBNP blood test – monitors NTproBNP, a hormone released by cardiac myocytes in response to stretch or stress.
59
What drugs can be used to treat DCM?
Diuretics, Enalapril, Pimobendan, oral taurine supplements for cats and diet change in cats & dogs
60
Most dogs die within what time frame of being diagnosed with DCM?
6 months - 2 years
61
HCM is more common in who?
Male cats, maine coon and ragdoll
62
What happens during HCM?
The muscle of the left ventricle become hypertrophic, limiting the amount of blood that can fill the ventricle
63
What are signs of HCM?
``` Heart murmur • Fatigue • Tachycardia • Tachypnea • Syncope • Sudden death ```
64
What are signs of DCM?
* Ascites * Weight loss * Abdominal distension * Coughing * Pulmonary edema * Exercise intolerance * Heart murmur * Prolonged CRT * +/- pulse deficits
65
Which heart chamber will be enlarged in HCM?
Left atrium and ventricle
66
What drugs are used to treat HCM?
ACE inhibitors • Beta Blockers or Calcium channel blockers • Low dose aspirin or heparin • Diuretics
67
Saddle thrombosis is also known as:
FATE, complication of HCM
68
What happens during saddle thrombosis?
``` Thromboembolism occurs in 10- 20% of cats with HCM . 90% of the clots will lodge at the distal aortic trifurcation – reducing the amount of blood flow reaching both back limbs. ```
69
What are signs of saddle thrombosis, aka FATE?
Acute hind end paralysis or paresis • Vocalization • Pain • Cold hind limbs • Paw pads on hind feet are cold and blue (compared to the front) • Lack of palpable pulses on hind limbs Owners may find cat unable to walk, and assume trauma
70
What does FATE stand for?
Feline Aortic Thromboembolism (FATE)
71
What is prognosis for FATE?
Poor
72
Which valve is often effected by valve diseae?
Mitral valve
73
Which animals most often get valve disease?
Older, small breed dogs
74
What can be auscultated on a patient with valve disease?
Left sided heart murmur
75
How is valve disease diagnosed?
Radiographs and ECG
76
What can be a contributing factor to valve disease?
Dental disease
77
CHF leads to what?
Back up of blood to the vessels leading to congestion around the heart.
78
In left sided CHF, fluid backs up where?
In the lungs, pulmonary edema
79
In right sided CHF, fluid backs up where?
In the body cavities, ascites and pleural effusion
80
What procedure can be done in right sided CHF to remove fluid?
Thoraco/abdominocentesis
81
HW in dogs can cause which side of the heart to fail?
R side
82
Which drug kills adult HW?
Melarsamine
83
How long is HW treatment for dogs?
6 months
84
Pericardiocentesis is used for what disease?
Pericardial effusion
85
A rapid, irregular HR with pulse deficits is?
Atrial fibrillation
86
Dogs with DCM frequently exhibit what?
Atrial fibrillation
87
What is the most dangerous time for cats being treated with DCM?
First 2 weeks
88
What symbiotic parasite of HW can be killed by doxycylcine?
Wobachia

Animal Diseases (6 decks)

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