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IM > CARDIO Common Cardiovascular Complaints > Flashcards

CARDIO Common Cardiovascular Complaints Flashcards

1
Q

most common complaint among patients with cardiac conditions

A

chest pain

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2
Q

other noncardiac causes of pain are

A 
vascular
pulmonary
gastrointestinal
dermatomal
psychiatric
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3
Q

chest pain that are acute or potentially life threatening condition that needs urgent management

A

acute coronary syndrome (Unstable angina, NSTEMI,STEMI)
Aortic dissection
Pulmonary embolism
Spontaneous pneumothorax

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4
Q

duration of chest pain in ACS

A

> 10-30 mins

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5
Q

duration of chest pain

aortic dissection

A

sudden onset of unrelenting pain

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6
Q

duration of chest pain

spontaneous pneumothorax

A

sudden onset

several hours

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7
Q

quality of chest pain in ACS

A

pressure
tightness
squeezing
heaviness

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8
Q

quality of chest pain in aortic dissection

A

sharp, tearing, knife-like or ripping pain

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9
Q

pulmonary embolism

quality of chest pain

A

pleuritic pain - small emboli

larger ones- dyspnea

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10
Q

quality of chest pain in spontaneous pneumothorax

A

pleuritic

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11
Q

location of chest pain in ACS

A

retrosternal

radiation to neck, jaw, shoulders or arms (left)

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12
Q

location of chest pain in aortic dissection

A

anterior chest, often radiating to the back,

between the shoulder blades

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13
Q

compare the chest pain of ACS vs stable angina

A

same chest pain but occurs with low levels of exertion or at rest
less relief with nitrates

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14
Q

differentiate UA from NSTEMI and STEMI

A

elevated cardiac biomarkers

ST-segment elevation on ECG in STEMI vs UA and NSTEMI

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15
Q

what conditions are associated with aortic dissection

A

hypertension

underlying tissue disorder e.g. Marfan syndrome

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16
Q

pulmonary embolism

general PE

A

with dyspnea
tachypnea
tachycardia

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17
Q

if pulmonary embolism is due to a large embolus, hypotension is due to ____ dysfunction

A

right ventricle

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18
Q

signs and symptoms of spontaneous pneumothorax

A

dyspnea
chest lag
decreased breath sounds ipsilaterally

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19
Q

chest pain due to chronic condition that could lead to a serious complication

A

chronic stable angina
aortic stenosis
plumonary hypertensin

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20
Q

CSAP
chronic stable angina pectoris
character of chest pain

A

2-10 minutes
pressure, lightness, squeezing, heaviness
retrosternal
radiation to neck, jaw shoulders or arms (left)

21
Q

chaacter of chest pain for aortic stenosis

A

variable duration

pressure, lightness, squeezing, heaviness
retrosternal
radiation to neck, jaw shoulders or arms (left)

22
Q

character of chest pain in pulmonary hypertension

A

variable duration
quality: pressure
substernal

23
Q

what precipitates chest pain in chronic stable angina pectrosis (CSAP)

A

exercise
cold weather
psychological stress

24
Q

in this condition there is a late-peaking systolic murmur radiating to carotids

A

aortic stenosis

25
Q

what condition is associated with the following findings
chest pain usually with exertional dyspnea
signs of increased venous pressure (RVH)
and loud P2

A

pulmonary hypertension

26
Q

what are the etiology that would manifest as chest pain that may warrant specific (LESS URGENT) treatment

A

acute pericarditis
pneumonia
Herpes zoster

27
Q

etiologies that would present as chest pain due to other chronic treatable conditions

A 
esophageal reflux
peptic ulver
biliary colic
costochondritis 
tietze syndrome
emotional/ psychiatric
28
Q

all differentials for chest pain

A 
Acute coronary syndrome ACS (Unstable Angina, NSTEMI, STEMI)
Aortic dissection
Pulmonary embolism
Spontaneous pneumothorax
Chronic Stable Angina
Aortic Stenosis
Pulmonary Hypertension

Acute Pericarditis
Pneumonia
Herpes Zoster

Esophageal reflux
Peptic ulcer 
Biliary colic
Costochondritis
Tietze syndrome
Emotional/Psychiatric
29
Q

Chest pain in acute pericarditis is characterized as

A

duration of hours to days
sharp
retrosternal or toward the apex
may radiate to left shoulder or trapezius ridge
relieved by sitting up and leaning forwar
exercerbated by deep inspiration and lying flat
pericardial friction rub may be present

30
Q

chest pain in pneumonia is characterized by

A

duration lasting days
pleuritic
unilateral

31
Q

common signs and symptoms of pneumonia

A

dyspnea
productive cough
fever
rales

32
Q

chest pain in herpes zoster

is characterized as

A

variable in duration
burning pain
dermatomal distribution

accompanied by vesicular rash

33
Q

chest pain in esophageal reflux is characterize das

A 
lasting 10-60 mins
burning pain
epigastric radiating to substernal area 
worsened by recumbency after meals
relieved by antacids and nitrates
34
Q

chest pain in peptic ulcer is characterized as

A

prolonged pain
burning
epigastric radiating to substernal area or scapula
may be relieved by food intake or antacids

35
Q

Biliary colic pain is characterized as

A

prolonged
steady, aching or colicky
RUQ / epigastric radiating to substernal area or scapula
usually after a heavy meal

36
Q

costochondritis

pain is characterized as

A 
variable duration
intense fleeting pain
sternal/ chest wall
may be reproduced by localized or pinpoint pressure on exam
Without swelling of costochondral joints
37
Q

Tietze syndrome

pain is characteried as

A

variable pain
intense fleeting pain
sternal/ chest wall
may be reproduced by localized or pinpoint pressure on exam
with tender swelling of costocondral joints

38
Q

emotional/ psychiatric chest pain is characterized as

A

varible
fleeting
variable location
situational factors precipitate symptoms

39
Q

other common cardiac complaints after chest pain

A

dyspnea
palpitations
syncope

40
Q

cardiac causes of dyspnea usually occur with ____

A

exertion

41
Q

dyspnea on recumbency or lying flat

A

orthopnea

42
Q

dyspnea while standing

A

platypnea

43
Q

in the making of a cardiac diagnosis what are the underlying etiologies to be considered

A

is it congenital, hypertensive, ischemic or inflammatory?

44
Q

what are the steps in making a cardiac diagnosis

A
  1. underlying etiology
  2. anatomic abnormalities
  3. physiologic disturbances
  4. Functional disability
45
Q

what are the anatomic abnormalities to be considered in cardiac diagnosis

A

which chambers are involved? are they hypertrophied, dilated, or both
which valves are affected? are they regurgitant and/stenotic?
is there pericardial involvement? has there been myocardial infarction?

46
Q

what are physiologic disturbances to be considered in cardiac diagnosis

A

is arrhythmia present?

is there evidence of congestive heart failure or myocardial ischemia ?

47
Q

what are the things to be considered in functional disability in cardiac diagnosis

A

how strenuous is the physical activity required to elicit symptoms?

48
Q

NYHA stands for

A

New York Heart Association Functional Classification

IM (25 decks)

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