Common Diagnostics In Gastroenterology

Question 1

Microcytic hypo chromic anemia can be seen in the ff conditions

Answer 1

Chronic blood loss or chronic disease

Iron deficiency anemia

Question 2

Megaloblastic anemia can be seen in

Answer 2

Vit B12 deficiency

From small-intestinal, gastric or pancreatic disease

Question 3

Leukocytosis is seen in

Answer 3

Inflammatory conditions

Question 4

Leukopenia can be seen in

Answer 4

Viremic illness

Question 5

Elevated transaminases in

Answer 5

Hepatic inflammation

Question 6

Elevated lipase and amylase in

Answer 6

Pancreatic inflammation

Question 7

Obtained to exclude endocrinologic causes of GI symptoms of chronic diarrhea and constipation

Answer 7

Thyroid tests

Cortisol

Question 8

Assess for intraabdominal malignancies

Tumor markers

Answer 8

CA19-9

AFP

Question 9

Indication for serum electrolytes in GI

Answer 9

Severe diarrhea or vomiting

Question 10

Best method of examining the upper gastrointestinal mucosa

Answer 10

EGD
Esophagogastroduodenoscopy
Upper endoscopy

Question 11

Endoscope inserted through the mouth into the esophagus, stomach, duodenal bulb, second part of the duodenum

Answer 11

EDG

Question 12

Gold standard for diagnosis of colonic mucosal disease

Answer 12

Colonoscopy

Question 13

Scope inserted through anal canal into rectum and colo

Answer 13

Colonoscopy

Question 14

Visualizes only the rectum and a portion of the left colon

Typically up to 60 cm from the ana verge

Answer 14

Flexible sigmoidoscopy

Question 15

Capsule endoscopy
Push enteroscopy
Single- or double- balloon enteroscopy or spiral enteroscopy

Answer 15

Small bowel endoscopy

Question 16

ERCP stands for

Answer 16

Endoscopic retrograde Cholangiopancreatography (ERCP)

Question 17

Scope passed through the mouth to the duodenum; ampulla of Vater is identified and cannulated
Contrast material is injected into the bile duct and pancreatic duct under fluoroscopic guidance

Answer 17

ERCP

Question 18

High-frequency ultrasound transducers incorporated into the tip of a flexible endoscope

Answer 18

Endscopic ultrasound (EUS)

Question 19

Obtains images of the gut wall and adjacent organs, vessels, and lymph nodes

Answer 19

EUS

Question 20

Common indications for EGD

Answer 20

Dyspepsia despite treatment 
Or
With symptoms or signs of ALARM
Age >55 years
Family hx of upper GI cancer
UGIB
Anemia
Jaundice
Left supraclavicular lymhadenopathy
Palpable abdominal mass
Progressive dysphagia
Refractory vomiting
Weight loss

Question 21

Colonoscopy indications

Answer 21

Cancer screening
LGIB
Anemia
Diarrhea, obstruction

Question 22

Flexible sigmoidoscopy indications

Answer 22

Evaluation of diartrhea

Rectal outlet bleeding

Question 23

Small bowel endoscopy indications

Answer 23

Obscure GI bleeding
Suspected small intestinal pathology (tumors, Meckel’s diverticulum)
Suspected chron’s diease

Question 24

ERCP indications

Answer 24

Jaundice
Cholangitis
Gallstone pancreatitis
Pancreatic/ biliary tumor

Question 25

Indications for EUS

Answer 25

Staging of malignancy

Question 26

Provides mucosal definition and assessment of gut transit and pelvic floor dysfunction

Answer 26

Oral and rectal contrast studies

Question 27

Initial procedure to order for evaluation of dysphagia ( can detect subtle rings, strictures , and achalasia)

Answer 27

Barium swallow

Question 28

Reliably diagnoses small diagnoses small intestinal tumors and Chron's ileitis (Radiography)

Answer 28

Small-bowel contrast radiography

Question 29

Evaluates regions not accessible by endoscopy or contrast studies such as liver, pancreas, gall bladder, kidneys and retroperitoneum

Answer 29

Ultrasound and CT scan

Question 30

Used for diagnoses of mass lesions, fluid collections and organ enlargementq

Answer 30

Ultrasound and CT scan

Question 31

Evaluates pancreaticobiliary ducts to exclude neoplasm, stones, and sclerosing cholangitis

Answer 31

MRI

Question 32

Evaluates the liver to characterize benign and malignant tumors

Answer 32

MRI imaging

Question 33

Evaluates the mesenteric ischemia/ occlusion and patency of biliary tree

Answer 33

Angiography

Question 34

Angiography Localizes sites of bleeding when the rate of arterial bleeding is at least

Answer 34

0.5 mL / min

Question 35

Can facilitate differentiation of malignant from benign diseas Used for restaging after neoadjuvant therapy for certain tumors (esophageal cancer)

Answer 35

Positron emission tomography

Question 36

Evaluates both structural abnormalities and quantifies luminal transit

Answer 36

Scintigraphy

Question 37

Localizes bleeding rate of 0.04mL/ min

Answer 37

Radionuclide bleeding scans ( scintigraphy)

Question 38

Searches for intraabdominal abscesses not seen on CT scan

Answer 38

Radiolabeled leukocyte scans

Question 39

Complements ultrasound in assessment of cholecystitis by demonstrating patency of cystic duct

Answer 39

Biliary scintigraphy

Question 40

Basic patterns of liver disease

Answer 40

I. Hepatocellular II. Cholestatic III. Mixed

Question 41

Hepatocellular examples

Answer 41

Viral h