CARDIO MODULE Flashcards by Paula Kaye Justo

CARDIO

Which wave in the venous pulse curve rises in pressure caused by atrial contraction? A. C wave B. A wave C. P wave D. C wave

B. A wave

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

CARDIO

Refers to the force that stretches relaxed fibers A. Preload B. Afterload C. Contractility D. Compliance

A. Preload

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

CARDIO

Maintains cell to cell adhesion between cardiac muscles A. Intercalated disk B. Gap junction C. Desmosome D. Macula densa

A. Intercalated disk

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

CARDIO

Heart sound that is always abnormal A. First B. Second C. Third heart sound D. Fourth heart sound

D. Fourth heart sound

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

CARDIO

All are factors that affect cardiac function except? A. Preload B. Compliance C. Overload D. Afterload

C. Overload

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

CARDIO

ST segment depression indicates what condition A. Myocardial infarction B. Myocardial athresia C. Ventricular tachycardia D. Myocardial ischemia

D. Myocardial ischemia

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

CARDIO

What occurs during the second heart sound? A. Closure of SL valves B. Closing of the AV valves C. Vibration of the blood and chordae tendinae D. Opening of the SL valves

A. Closure of SL valves

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

CARDIO

Cardiac muscles undergo to the following except A. Shortening B. Tetany C. Thickening D. Torsion

B. Tetany

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

CARDIO

The T wave represents A. Atrial depolarization B. Atrial repolarization C. Ventricular depolarization D. Ventricular repolarization

D. Ventricular repolarization

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

CARDIO

The duration of this interval varies with the heart A. PR B. QRS C. QT D. ST

C. QT

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

CARDIO

Main cardiac pacemaker of the heart? A.AV node B.AV bundle C. SA node D. Purkinje fibers

C. SA node

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

CARDIO

All of the factors are increasing the sinoatrial node firing rate except? A. Hyperkalemia B. Hyperthyroidism C. Sympathetic simulation D.Catecholamines

A. Hyperkalemia

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

CARDIO

Example of sodium channel blockers A. Verpamil B. Diltiazem C. Tetracycline D. Quinidine

D. Quinidine

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

CARDIO

Type of cardiac potentials that are found in atrial myocytes A. NAP B. PAP C. Both D. Neither

A. NAP

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

CARDIO

What happens to Em when external K+ is increased? A. Threshold will be difficult to reach B. No action potentials can be produced C. Cells become more excitable D. Cells become more weak

C. Cells become more excitable

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

CARDIO

What type of cardiac cell that does not initiate its own action potentials? A. Automatic cells B. Working cells C. Negative cells D. Squamous cells

B. Working cells

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

CARDIO

All are types of lead except? A. Standard limb lead B. Augmented lead C. Striated lead D. Precordial lead

C. Striated lead

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

CARDIO

What does diffuse U waves signify in all leads? A. Hyperkalemia B. Hypocalcemia C.Hypokalemia D. Hypercalcemia

C.Hypokalemia

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

CARDIO

Prolonged PR interval is indicative of conduction delay at the A. AV node B.AV bundle C. SA node D. Purkinje fibers

A. AV node

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

CARDIO

Phase 2 of the ventricular action potential is represented in the ECG as: A. P wave B. PR segment C. QRS complex D. ST segment

D. ST segment

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

CARDIO

Occurs during the distal third of diastole
A. Isovolumic contraction
B. Atrial contraction
C. Isovolumic relaxation
D. Rapid ventricular ejection

B. Atrial contraction

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

CARDIO

Increase in ventricular pressure, decrease in ventricular volume
A. Reduced ventricular ejection
B. Isovolumic relaxation
C. Rapid ventricular filling
D. Rapid ventricular ejection

D. Rapid ventricular ejection

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

CARDIO

Decrease in ventricular pressure, decrease in ventricular volume
A. Rapid ventricular ejection
B. Rapid ventricular filling
C. Reduced ventricular ejection 
D. Reduced ventricular filling

C. Reduced ventricular ejection

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

CARDIO

Rapid ventricular filling occurs in
A. Final 1/3 of systole
B. First 1/3 of diastole
C. First 1/3 of systole 
D. Middle 1/3 of diastole

C. First 1/3 of systole

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

# CARDIO ``` Most common in the presence of mitral stenosis A. S1 B. S2 C. S3 D. S4 ```

C. S3

# CARDIO ``` Present when atrial pressure is high A. S1 B. S2 C. S3 D. S4 ```

D. S4

# CARDIO ``` First heart sound is heard during: A. Isovolumic contraction B. Isovolumic relaxation C. Rapid filling D. Rapid ejection ```

A. Isovolumic contraction

# CARDIO ``` Known as capacitance vessels A. Arterioles B. Capillaries C. Veins D. Arteries ```

C. Veins

# CARDIO ``` Which of these is the most distensible A. Arterioles B. Capillaries C. Veins D. Arteries ```

C. Veins

# CARDIO ``` Where is the Apex beat is normally heard? A. 3rd ICS, LMCL B. 4th ICS, RMCL C. 5th ICS, RMCL D. 5th ICS, LMCL ```

D. 5th ICS, LMCL

# CARDIO ``` Increased inward calcium current A. Phase 4 B. Phase 3 C. Phase 1 D. Phase 0 ```

D. Phase 0

# CARDIO ``` Pacemaker potential A. Phase 4 B. Phase 3 C. Phase 1 D. Phase 0 ```

A. Phase 4

# CARDIO ``` Inhibits breakdown of cAMP A. Glucagon B. Caffein C. Catecholamines D. Glycosides ```

B. Caffein

# CARDIO ``` Increases formation of cAMP used in some heart disease? A. Glucagon B. Caffein C. Catecholamines D. Glycosides ```

A. Glucagon

# CARDIO ``` Which of the ff does not alter the inotropic state of the heart? A. Myocardial ischemia B. Myocardial tamponade C. Acidosis D. Cardiac glycosides ```

B. Myocardial tamponade

# CARDIO ``` Which does not influence venous return A. TBV B. Posture C. Heart rate D. Skeletal muscle pump ```

C. Heart rate

# CARDIO ``` End systolic volume can be determined by the following, except A. Aortic pressure B. Contractility C. Preload D. After load ```

C. Preload

# CARDIO ``` Slow depolarization produced by opening of sodium channels A. Phase 1 B. Phase 0 C. Phase 4 D. Phase 2 ```

C. Phase 4

# CARDIO Phase of the cardiac cycle in which the atrium is first depolarized. a. Pre-systole b. ProtoDiastole c. Pre-diastole d. Protosystole

a. Pre-systole

# CARDIO A phase in contraction that has an increase in ventricular pressure but the ventricular volume has no change. Also in this phase all heart valves are closed. a. Isovolumic contraction b. Isovolumic relaxation c. Atrial Contraction d. Atrial Relaxation

a. Isovolumic contraction

# CARDIO What characteristics of murmurs are important in diagnosis? a. rhythm and pulse b. location and rhythm c. location and timing d. timing and rhythm

c. location and timing

# CARDIO Parameter of cardiodynamics that is used as a valuable index of ventricular function or contractility. a. Cardiac Output b. Ejection fraction c. Stroke Volume d. Cardiac Input

b. Ejection fraction

# CARDIO Preload is a factor that affects your stroke volume. It is also called the ______ pressure, when the ventricle has been filled. a. Initial systolic b. end systolic c. initial diastolic d. end diastolic

d. end diastolic

# CARDIO A sudden change in cardiac pressure in which there is bleeding in between the ventricle and pericardium. a. Pericarditis b. Cardiac Hypertrophy c. Cardiac Tamponade d. Pericardial Effusion

c. Cardiac Tamponade

# CARDIO In phase 4, the opening of these ion channels will cause slow depolarization. a. calcium b. sodium c. potassium d. magnesium

b. sodium

# CARDIO Which of the following is TRUE regarding cardiac muscle? a. depends on anaerobic metabolism as a source of continuous supply of oxygen b. abundant mitochondria as a means to sustain myocardial energy requirement. c. has a rich venous supply in order to p

b. abundant mitochondria as a means to sustain myocardial energy requirement.

# CARDIO As ____ Calcium are released from the sarcoplasmic reticulum, the heart would have _____. a. more, decreased b. more, increased c. less, increased d. less, decreased

b. more, increased

# CARDIO It represents the entire period of ventricular depolarization and repolarization. a. PR Interval b. ST segment c. PR segment d. QT interval

d. QT interval

# CARDIO In assessing ischemia in a patient, why is aVR not a useful evidence? a. because it is not stated in einthoven’s law b. because it does not face the epicardial wall of the heart c. because aVR is not measurable by the ECG d. because it is blocked by the

b. because it does not face the epicardial wall of the heart

# CARDIO In using thumbs method; a right axis deviation would have Lead I thumbs ___ and aVF thumbs ____. a. up, up b. down, up c. down, down d. up, down

b. down, up

# CARDIO All are indications of a normal sinus reading except? a. presence of normal p waves b. ratio of P wave to QRS complex is 1 is to 1 c. QRS complexes are wide d. regular rhythm

c. QRS complexes are wide

# CARDIO In determination of axis using vectorial analysis if it is at 0O then axis is at: a. normal b. left c. right d. extreme right

a. normal

# CARDIO Activation of these receptors would cause a vasodilation among arterioles. a. Alpha 1 Choleric receptors b. Alpha 2 Adrenergic receptors c. Beta 1 Choleric receptors d. Beta 2 Adrenergic receptors

d. Beta 2 Adrenergic receptors

# CARDIO Following Poiseuille formula, when the radius of a blood vessel decreases by one fourth, the resistance would increase by ____ a. 1024 times b. 256 times c. 64 times d. 32 times

b. 256 times

# CARDIO This law describes why even at high pressures, the lumen and thin wall of capillaries would not burst. a. Einthoven’s law b. Poiseuille formula c. Law of Laplace d. Bernoulli’s principle

c. Law of Laplace

# CARDIO In measuring blood pressure; using the palpatory method, hypotension can be concluded when there is ______. a. Increased pressure b. Increased pulse c. Decreased Pressure d. Decreased pulse

c. Decreased Pressure

# CARDIO A patient recently diagnosed with a weak ventricle would have normal readings except on his: a. Systolic pressure b. Pulse pressure c. Diastolic pressure d. Breathing pressure

a. Systolic pressure

# CARDIO The impulse conduction of the heart begins at the __________, goes to ___________ & to ___________ and ends at ___________. A. SA Node, AV Node, Purkinje Fiber and Bundle of His B. AV Node, SA Node, Purkinje Fiber and Bundle of His C. SA Node, AV Node, B

C. SA Node, AV Node, Bundle of His and Purkinje Fiber

# CARDIO Below are heart rate determinants except for? A. Number of striations of dark and light bands B. Shift in Threshold potential C. Change in Resting Membrane Potential/Diastolic Potential D. Change in rate of Depolarization

A. Number of striations of dark and light bands

# CARDIO Action potential of SA Node and AV Node A. Always has a tendency to repolarize B. Has a stable resting membrane potential C. No sustained plateau D. "Spontaneously generates impulse without neural input"

B. Has a stable resting membrane potential

# CARDIO ``` Increase of these substances causes vasodilation on local blood flow except: A. Potassium B. Magnesium C. Calcium D. Hydrogen ```

C. Calcium

# CARDIO ``` Heart sound compared to a galloping rhythm which is a characteristic of a congestive heart failure. A. S3 B. S4 C. S1 D. S2 ```

A. S3

# CARDIO ``` Factors that decrease contractility include all of the following except. A. Cardiac glycosides B. Parasympathetic stimulation C. Heart failure D. Hypoxia ```

A. Cardiac glycosides

# CARDIO According to Poiseuille's Equation (Resistance), which is true of the following A. Increasing viscosity of blood, increases resistance B. Increasing blood vessel radius, increases resistance C. Decreasing viscosity of blood, increases resistance D. Decre

A. Increasing viscosity of blood, increases resistance

# CARDIO ``` The site of highest resistance in the cardiovascular system. A. Arteries B. Arterioles C. Venules D. Veins ```

B. Arterioles

# CARDIO ``` Ejection fraction is A. EDV minus ESV B. SV multiplied by HR C. SV divided by EDV D. CO multiplied by TPR ```

C. SV divided by EDV

# CARDIO ``` Characteristics of Korotkoff sounds include all of these except A. Bubbling sound B. Thud sound C. Loud snapping sound D. Complete disappearance of sound ```

A. Bubbling sound

# CARDIO ``` The flow of blood is always from an area of _________ pressure to an area of ___________ pressure. A. High, high B. High, low C. Low, low D. Low, high ```

B. High, low

# CARDIO ``` Venous return is described as A. Blood pooling in the veins B. Blood pooling in the arteries C. Blood returning to the heart D. Blood returning to the circulation ```

C. Blood returning to the heart

# CARDIO ``` Factors affecting capillary hydrostatic pressure include all of the following except A. Arterial blood pressure B. Venous pressure C. Venular resistance D. Proteins in the interstitium ```

D. Proteins in the interstitium

# CARDIO True of venous return A. Prolonged standing, increases venous return B. Inspiration increases venous return C. Valsalva maneuver, increases venous return D. Sympathetic activation of alpha-1 receptors, decreases venous return

B. Inspiration increases venous return

# CARDIO ``` R' wave is A. First negative wave B. First positive wave C. Second positive wave D. First negative wave after an R wave ```

C. Second positive wave

# CARDIO ``` Cardiac Output is affected by A. Emotions B. Sleep C. Reading D. Sitting ```

A. Emotions

# CARDIO ``` Which is correctly matched about Ventricular Action Potential A. Depolarization : Fast Sodium eflux B. Plateau : Calcium influx C. Repolarization : Sodium eflux D. All of the above ```

B. Plateau : Calcium influx

# CARDIO ``` This structure prevents the eversion of the AV Valves during ventricular systole therefore preventing back flow of blood. A. Aorta B. SA Node C. Chordae tendineae D. Fossa Ovalis ```

C. Chordae tendineae

# CARDIO This is the force exerted by the blood against any unit area of the vessel wall. a. plasma pressure b. capillary pressure c. blood pressure d. osmotic pressure

c. blood pressure

# CARDIO Which heart rhythm is shockable? a. normal rhythm b. Ventricular tachycardia c. Sinus Bradycardia d. Sinus Tachycardia

b. Ventricular tachycardia

# CARDIO Which stage in muscle action potential is absent in skeletal muscles? a. initial repolarization b. rapid repolarization c. plateau d. resting membrane potential

c. plateau

# CARDIO Excess potassium in the ECF will cause the heart to become ___. a. dilated and flaccid b. spastic and faccid c. spastic d. faccid

a. dilated and flaccid

# CARDIO High pressures in the pulmonary vessels caused by excess flow through the lungs may lead to what condition? a. ventriculary hypertrophy b. ischemia c. cardiomegaly d. pulmonary congestion

d. pulmonary congestion

# CARDIO ``` Aortic stenosis is best heard after which heart sound? A.S3 B.S4 C.S1 D.S2 ```

C.S1

# CARDIO Phase 3 in cadiac muscle action potential is described as __________. A. When the cardiac cell is stimulated and depolarizes, the membrane potential becomes more positive. Voltage-gated sodium channels (fast sodium channels) open and permit sodium to rapidly flow into the cell and depolarize it. The membrane potential reaches about + 20 millivolts before the sodium channels close. B. The closure of calcium ion channels and increased potassium ion permeability, permitting potassium ions to rapidly exit the cell, ends the plateau and returns the cell membrane potential to its resting level. C. The sodium channels close, the cell begins to repolarize, and potassium ions leave the cell through open potassium channels. D. calcium channels open and fast potassium channels close.

B. The closure of calcium ion channels and increased potassium ion permeability, permitting potassium ions to rapidly exit the cell, ends the plateau and returns the cell membrane potential to its resting level.

# CARDIO ``` In this condition, one half or more of the blood pumped into the aorta by the left ventricle flows immediately backward through the wide-open ductus into the pulmonary artery and lung blood vessels, thus allowing the diastolic pressure to fall very low before the next heartbeat. A. Cardiac tamponade B. Aortic valve stenosis C. Patent ductus arteriosus D. Aortic regurgitation ```

C. Patent ductus arteriosus

# CARDIO ``` The following can causea premature heart contraction except _____. A. Nicotine B. Caffeine C. Local areas of Ischemia D. carotid sinus syndrome ```

D. carotid sinus syndrome

# CARDIO ``` The pressure curve is similar in the following areas except ______. A. right atrium B. right ventricle C. pulmonary artery D. aorta ```

A. right atrium

# CARDIO ``` When does incisura occur? A. When mitral valve closes B. When tricuspid valve closes C. When the pumonic valve closes D. When the aortic valve closes ```

D. When the aortic valve closes

# CARDIO ``` The following are atrial pressure curves or waves. Which does not belong to the group? A. a wave B. v wave C. c wave D. p wave ```

D. p wave

# CARDIO Which is the appropriate description for the QRS wave? A. result of electrical depolarization of the ventricles, which initiates contraction of the ventricles and causes the ventricular pressure to begin rising. B. the stage of repolarization of the vent

A. result of electrical depolarization of the ventricles, which initiates contraction of the ventricles and causes the ventricular pressure to begin rising.

# CARDIO The following are phases of cardiac muscle action potential. Which phase is improperly paired? A. Phase 0 : fast sodium channel opens B. Phase 1: fast sodium channel closes C. Phase 2: calcium channels open and fast sodium channels close D. Phase 3: calci

C. Phase 2: calcium channels open and fast sodium channels close

# CARDIO ``` In cardiac muscle, the action potential is caused by opening of these channels. Which channel is not present in cardiac muscle? A. Slow calcium channel B. Slow sodium channel C. Fast sodium channel D. Calcium-Sodium Channel ```

B. Slow sodium channel

# CARDIO Wave that occurs when the ventricles begins to contract causing over bulging of the A-V valves backward toward the atria. a. A wave b. Q wave c. V wave d. C wave

d. C wave

# CARDIO The degree of tension on the muscle when it begins to contract: a. Stroke volume b. Afterload c. Preload d. Cardiac load

c. Preload

# CARDIO Pulmonary Artery Pressure a. 5-10 mmHg b. 10-25 mmHg c. 25- 30mmHg d. 30-45 mmHg

b. 10-25 mmHg

# CARDIO How many percent of blood is ejected into the circulation during rapid ejection phase of cardiac cycle? a. 70 b. 50 c. 80 d. 90

a. 70

# CARDIO States that the electrical potential of any limb equals the sum of the other two. a. Bowditch staircase b. Frank Starling’s Law of the heart c. Einthoven’s law d. Thorels’ Law

c. Einthoven’s law

# CARDIO Artery that supplies the Septal wall of the Heart a. Left Anterior Descending Artery b. Right Anterior Descending Artery c. Left Circumflex Artery d. Right Coronary Artery

a. Left Anterior Descending Artery

# CARDIO ``` Cardiac output may be varied by changing the heart rate or the volume of blood ejected from either ventricle with each heartbeat; this volume is called _______? a. Stroke volume b. End diastolic volume c. End systolic volume d. Cardiac volume ```

a. Stroke volume

# CARDIO During this period, another action potential can be generated, but it requires a larger than normal depolarization. a. Absolute refractory period b. Effective refractory period c. Relative refractory period d. Regulatory refractory period

c. Relative refractory period

# CARDIO Neurotransmitter agent of the heart a. Acetylcholine b. Norepinephrine c. Epinephrine d. Dopamine

b. Norepinephrine

# CARDIO Pressure in the aorta that must be overcome by the contracting left ventricular muscle to open the aortic valve and eject the blood. a. Stroke volume b. Afterload c. Preload d. Cardiac load

b. Afterload

# CARDIO An expression of cardiac performance at a given preload and afterload, can be modulated by the autonomic nervous system. a. Cardiac output b. Stroke volume c. Preload d. Contractility

d. Contractility

# CARDIO Normal Central Venous Pressure a. 0-3 mmHg b. 0-5 mmHg c. 0-8 mmHg d. 0-10 mmHg

b. 0-5 mmHg

# CARDIO Type of Calcium channels that is not inhibited by calcium channel blockers a. T-type calcium channels b. L-type calcium channels c. S-type calcium channels d. P-type calcium channels

a. T-type calcium channels

# CARDIO Region where AV block most likely to occur a. Atrionodal region b. Nodal region c. Atrial region d. Nodal his region

b. Nodal region

# CARDIO Myocardial cells that forms the main bulk of cardiac muscle and responsible for contraction a. Automatic cell b. Non-automatic cell c. Elongated/Slender cell d. Pacemaker cell

b. Non-automatic cell

# CARDIO Large quantity of both calcium and sodium ions flow to the interior of the cardiac muscle fiber, maintaining a prolonged period of depolarization. A. Relative refractory period B. Isovolumic contraction C. Plateau D. Action potential

C. Plateau

# CARDIO ``` Which of the following blood vessels has the slowest blood flow velocity? A. Veins B. Arterioles C. Capillaries D. Arteries ```

C. Capillaries

# CARDIO ``` It is a low-pitched, long lasting vibration caused by the closure of A-V valves. A. Second heart sound B. First heart sound C. Fourth heart sound D. Third heart sound ```

B. First heart sound*

# CARDIO ``` During this phase of the action potential, the muscles are more difficult than normal to excite. A. Plateau B. Relative refractory period C. Initial spike D. Ventricular T wave ```

B. Relative refractory period

# CARDIO ``` The volume of the ventricle to about 110-120ml during diastole. A. End-diastolic volume B. Stroke volume C. End-systolic volume D. Ejection fraction ```

A. End-diastolic volume

# CARDIO ``` The atrial pressure curve caused by atrial contraction. A. V wave B. A wave C. C wave D. P wave ```

B. A wave

# CARDIO ``` Prevents the backflow of blood from the ventricles to atria during systole. A. SL valves B. AV valves C. Aortic valve D. Pulmonary artery valve ```

B. AV valves

# CARDIO ``` Phase where the venous blood flows into the ventricle from the left atrium. A. Period of ejection B. Period of isovolumic contraction C. Period of isovolumic relaxation D. Period of filling ```

D. Period of filling

# CARDIO ``` The greater the heart muscle is stretched during filling, the greater is the force of contraction and the greater the quantity of blood pumped into the aorta. A. Frank-Starling mechanism B. Poiseuille Formula C. Reynold's number D. Bernouilli's Principl ```

A. Frank-Starling mechanism

# CARDIO ``` The remaining volume at each ventricle, about 40-50ml. A. End-systolic volume B. Stroke volume C. End-diastolic volume D. Ejection Fraction ```

A. End-systolic volume

# CARDIO ``` Deflection produced by ventricular repolarization, also most variable. A. QT Interval B. T Wave C. ST Segment D. P Wave ```

B. T Wave

# CARDIO ``` The difference between Cardiac Output at rest and the maximum volume of blood the heart is capable of pumping per minute. A. Pulse Pressure B. Cardiac Reserve C. Stroke Volume D. Cardiac Output ```

B. Cardiac Reserve

# CARDIO Why “All-or-Nothing” principle is applied to the heart? a Because of the syncytial nature of cardiac muscle. b Because it exhibits tetanic contraction c Because it has more developed sarcoplasmic reticulum than skeletal muscles. d Because of the increas

a. Because of the syncytial nature of cardiac muscle.

# CARDIO Why does the action potential of cardiac muscle have a plateau while that of skeletal muscle does not? a A moderate quantity of calcium ions diffuses to the inside of the cardiac muscle fiber during the action potential, while only a very small quantity diffuses into skeletal muscle. b Immediately after the onset of the action potential the permeability of the cardiac muscle membrane for potassium decreases about five-fold, and effect that does not occur in skeletal muscle. c Both A & B d None of the choices

c. Both A & B

# CARDIO “Statement A: Cardiac failure manifest by a decrease in cardiac output. Statement B: Cardiac failure manifest by a damming up of the blood in the veins behind the left or right heart even though the cardiac output is normal or at times even above normal.” a. Both statements are false b. Both statements are true c. The first statement is true, but the second statement is false. d. The first statement is false, but the second statement is true.

b. Both statements are true

# CARDIO Systemic vascular resistance (SVR) refers to the resistance to blood flow offered by all of the systemic vasculature, excluding the pulmonary vasculature. This is sometimes referred as total peripheral resistance (TPR). Why total peripheral resistance usually high in hypertensive patients? a. Because of increased aldosterone secretion. b. Because angiotensin II shifts the renal function curve to a higher pressure range, causing chronic hypertension; simultaneously constricts the peripheral arterioles. c. Because of increased concentration of Potassium d. Because of aortic pressure increases

b. Because angiotensin II shifts the renal function curve to a higher pressure range, causing chronic hypertension; simultaneously constricts the peripheral arterioles.

# CARDIO Which is true regarding the realtionship between SA node and AV node a. AV node is perpendicular to the cardiac apex b. The rate of the S-A node is considerably greater than that of either the A-V node or the Purkinje fibers c. AV node is larger than SA

b The rate of the S-A node is considerably greater than that of either the A-V node or the Purkinje fibers

# CARDIO Why is the atrial repolarization wave rarely observed in the normal electrocardiogram? a. Because the voltages of the waves are too low b. Because the duration was too fast. c. Because it is totally obscured by the much larger QRS wave. d. Because the ECG

c. Because it is totally obscured by the much larger QRS wave.

# CARDIO ``` Ordinarily, the right atrial pressure rises _______ during atrial contraction, while the left atrial pressure rises about ______. A. 2 to 4 mmHG; 8 to 9 mmHg b. 2 to 5 mmHg; 9 to 10 mmHg c. 4 to 6 mmHg; 7 to 8 mmHg d. 1 to 2 mmHg; 5 to 7 mmHg ```

c.4 to 6 mmHg; 7 to 8 mmHg

# CARDIO The ______ occurs toward the end of the ventricular contraction; it results from slow buildup of blood in the atria while the A-V valves are closed during ventricular contraction. Then, when ventricular contraction is over, the A-V valves open, allowing b

c. v wave, v wave

# CARDIO ``` The period from the end of one heart contraction to the end of the next is called? A. Venous return b. Cardiac Cycle c. Systole d. Diastole ```

b. Cardiac Cycle

# CARDIO The c wave occurs when the ventricles begin to contract, and it is caused mainly by two factors: 1. bulging of the A-V valves backward toward the atria because of ________ pressure in the ventricles, and 2. pulling on the atrial muscle by the __________ v

d. Increasing, Contracting

# CARDIO ``` The _______is caused by the spread of depolarization through the atria, and this is followed by atrial contraction. A. P wave b. Q wave c. R wave d. S wave ```

a. P wave

# CARDIO ``` Quantity of blood pumped by the left ventricle into the aorta each minute. A. Venous Return b. Cardiac Output c. End-diastolic volume d. Stroke volume ```

b. Cardiac Output

# CARDIO Which of the following pairs correctly describes microcirculation at the capillary level? A. Brain & Spinal Cord: Tight Junctions b. GIT: Capillary fenestrations c. Kidneys: Large pores d. Skeletal & Cardiac muscles: Wide gaps for plasma proteins

a. Brain & Spinal Cord: Tight Junctions

# CARDIO The capacity of tissues to regulate their own blood flow a. Arterial pressure control b. Systemic regulation c. Cardiac output d. Autoregulation

d. Autoregulation

# CARDIO An enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of Angiotensinogen in the liver to angiotensin I a. Renin b. ACE c. Pepsin d. Trypsinogen

a. Renin

# CARDIO ``` Increased heart rate increases the force of cardiac contraction in a stepwise fashion? A Bowditch phenomenon B Post extrasystolic potentiation C Frank-Starling's mechanism D Bainbridge reflex ```

A Bowditch phenomenon

# CARDIO ``` Average Pressure in any segment of the cardiovascular system during cardiac cycle is called? A Mean Arterial Pressure B Arterial Blood Pressure C Functional Mean Pressure D Mean Blood Pressure ```

D Mean Blood Pressure

# CARDIO ``` Catalyzes conversion of Angiotensin I to II, primarily in the Lungs? A ACE B RENIN C Captopril D Aldosterone ```

A ACE

# CARDIO ``` Total amount of blood that can be stored in a given portion of the circulation per ml of mercury rise in pressure? A Volume B Distensibility C Capacitance D Resistance ```

C Capacitance

# CARDIO ``` The measure of the tendency for turbulence to occur? A Law of Laplace B BERNOULLI’S PRINCIPLE C POISEUILLE FORMULA D REYNOLD’S NUMBER ```

D REYNOLD’S NUMBER

# CARDIO ``` The volume of blood Leaving the aorta and draining into the periphery is called? A Venous Return B Cardiac Output C Peripheral Run Off D Stroke Volume ```

C Peripheral Run Off

# CARDIO ``` "Which EKG waveform represents the time required for SA node impulse to travel through the conduction system? " A QT interval B ST wave C PR interval D PRS wave ```

C PR interval

# CARDIO ``` Another name for SA Node? A Node of Keith and Flack B Node of Kent and Tawara C IF D Preferential Pathway ```

A Node of Keith and Flack

# CARDIO ``` When recording lead II on an ECG, the right arm is the negative electrode. Where is the positive electrode placed?" A Left arm B Left leg C Right leg D Left foot ```

B Left leg

# CARDIO ``` A hormone secreted by the posterior Lobe of the pituitary gland, regulates body fluid osmoIarity and participates in the regulation of arterial blood pressure? A Aldosterone B Renin C ADH D Oxytocin ```

C ADH

# CARDIO Is the intrinsic ability of myocardial cells to develop force at a given muscle cell Length? A Chronotropism B Dromotropism C Inotropism D Bathmotropism

C Inotropism

# CARDIO Action potentials originating from the SA node are carried by the _______________ from the bundle branches to the ventricular walls. a. AV node b. Right Atrium c. Left Atrium d. Purkinje fibers

d. Purkinje fibers

# CARDIO When action potentials originate in other area of the heart (not in the SA node), the result is called __________. a. Depolarization b. Repolarization c. Ectopic beat d. Refractory period

c. Ectopic beat

# CARDIO ``` This condition which is caused by ischemia presents symptoms such as low heart rate due to the AV node acting as the pacemaker, no P waves, normal QRS complexes and T waves. a. SA node block b. Atrial fibrillation c. Premature Ventricular Contractions d. ```

a. SA node block

# CARDIO The following are components of the microcirculation, EXCEPT: a. Metarterioles b. Venules c. Inferior Vena Cava d. Capillaries

c. Inferior Vena Cava

# CARDIO Increase in blood viscosity causes increase in ____________? a. Flow b. Resistance c. Both d. Neither

b. Resistance

# CARDIO This force tends cause osmosis of fluid inward through the capillary membrane. a. Capillary pressure b. Plasma colloid osmotic pressure c. Interstitial fluid pressure d. Interstitial fluid colloid osmotic pressure

b. Plasma colloid osmotic pressure

# CARDIO Which of the ff. is true regarding resistance modulators? a. Increased Hematocrit means increased blood viscosity b. Decrease in blood viscosity means increase in resistance c. Blood vessel narrowing decreases resistance d. All of the above

a. Increased Hematocrit means increased blood viscosity

# CARDIO It occurs during systole near the end of the stroke output of left ventricle. a. Pulse pressure b. Mean Arterial pressure c. Systolic pressure d. Diastolic pressure

c. Systolic pressure

# CARDIO Korotkoff sound produced at 120-110mmHg cuff pressure a. A blowing sound b. A crisp sound c. A soft swishing sound d. A tapping sound

d. A tapping sound

# CARDIO When acetylcholine is released at the vagal nerve endings, the effect is to: a. Allow quick leakage of potassium out of the conductive fibers b. Decrease the rate of rhythm of the sinus node c. Slow down the transmission of the cardiac impulse into the ve

d. All of the above

# CARDIO Cardiac output will decrease in which of the following situations? a. Decreased afterload b. Decrease in heart rate c. Decreased total peripheral resistance d. None of the above

d. None of the above

# CARDIO Phase 2 of the ventricular action potential is represented in the ECG as a. P wave b. QRS complex c. T wave d. ST segment

d. ST segment

# CARDIO Acetylcholine, released at the vagal endings through the stimulation of parasympathetic nerves to the heart, causes: a. Faster transmission of cardiac impulses to the ventricles b. A decrease in the rate of rhythm of the sinus node c. Both A & B d. Neithe

b. A decrease in the rate of rhythm of the sinus node

# CARDIO It is heard best at pulmonic and aortic area a. S1 b. S2 c. S3 d. S4

b. S2

# CARDIO Nodal Rhythm originates from ________ and has an intrinsic rate of _________. a. SA node; 60-100 bpm b. Purkinje fibers; 20-40bpm c. AV node; 40-60bpm d. Right Atrium; 60-100bpm

c. AV node; 40-60bpm

# CARDIO When the atrial T Wave appears about the same time as the QRS complex of the ventricles, the ECG is considered to be: a. abnormal b. negative c. normal d. cannot be identified

c. normal

# CARDIO The mean electrical axis of normal ventricles is a. 29 degrees b. 39 degrees c. 49 degrees d. 59 degrees

d. 59 degrees

# CARDIO The mean electrical axis of a heart that is shifted to the left is angulated to what direction? a. right b. left c. cannot be determined d. both left and right

b. left

# CARDIO It is an organ that acts as an insulator to prevent spread of electrical voltage from the heart to the surface body a. diaphragm b. lungs c. kidney d. liver

b. lungs

# CARDIO It is a type of arrhythmia, which, if not stopped within 2 to 3 minutes can be fatal a. Ventricular Paroxysmal Tachycadria b. Ventricular fibrillation c. Supraventricular tachycardia d. bradycardia

b. Ventricular fibrillation

# CARDIO If there is a slight change of a vessel’s diameter there will be a________. a. Tremendous change in the vessel’s ability to conduct blood b. Tremendous change in the vessel’s pressure c. Tremendous change in the vessel’s length d. Tremendous change in the

a. Tremendous change in the vessel’s ability to conduct blood

# CARDIO The average haematocrit of men is: | a. 38 b. 42 c. 56 d. 65

b. 42

# CARDIO the patient was noted to have an abdominal pressure of mmHg. The could be interpreted as ____abdominal pressure a. Low b. Normal c. High d. average

c. High

# CARDIO The proteoglycan filaments, due to its large size, ____ through the “gel” in the interstitium a. collide b. diffuse c. flow d. nothing will happen

b. diffuse

# CARDIO When a patient has sustained cardiac dilation and hypertrophy that may stretch the pericardium, a patient may have a chronic_____. a. Arrhythmia b. Artherosclerosis c. Congestive heart failure d. Myocardial Infarction

c. Congestive heart failure

# CARDIO What system regulates the heart rate? a. Cardiovascular system b. Respiratory system c. Autonomic Nervous System d. Endocrine System

c. Autonomic Nervous System

# CARDIO If there is a persistent elevation of the Total Peripheral Resistance (TPR), a patient can be considered to have a: e. Chronic hypertension f. Myocardial infarction g. Heart failure h. Normal blood pressure

e. Chronic hypertension

# CARDIO Patients with supraventricular tachycardia have ___cardiac outputs. a. Normal b. Critically High c. Incomplete d. Critically low

d. Critically low

# CARDIO In what phase do catecholamines first interact with B-adrenergic receptors in the cardiac cell membrane a. Phase 3 b. Phase 2 c. Phase 4 d. Phase1

b. Phase 2

# CARDIO What drug used in treating thrombophlebitis inhibits the synthesis of vitamin K-dependent factors? a. Dicumarol b. Verapamil c. Diltiazem d. Doxycycline

a. Dicumarol

# CARDIO The total osmotic pressure and oncotic pressure of plasma is: a. 5000mmHg; 250mmHg b. 600mmHg; 2500mmHg c. 60mmHg; 25mmHg d. 6000mmHg; 25mmHg

d. 6000mmHg; 25mmHg

# CARDIO ``` A patient with atrial flutter must avoid doing which of the following? A. Bainbridge reflex B. Valsalva maneuver C. Atrial stretch reflex D. Volume reflex ```

B. Valsalva maneuver

# CARDIO What causes the second heart sound or S2? A. Vibrations resulting from the sudden tension of the AV valves and adjacent ventricular walls B. Vibration of large vessel walls and columns of blood C. Vibrations as a result of rapid ventricular filling D. Vib

B. Vibration of large vessel walls and columns of blood

# CARDIO ``` Isovolumic contraction can be seen in the ECG in the form of: A. P wave B. T wave C. PR Interval D. QRS complex ```

D. QRS complex

# CARDIO ``` A murmur heard throughout systole suggests: A. Stenotic SL valve B. Left ventricular hypertrophy C. Congestive heart failure D. Stenotic AV valve ```

A. Stenotic SL valve

# CARDIO ``` Which of the following can be used for a patient with irregular heartbeats in order to determine their heart rate? A. Rule of 300 B. Mathematical formulae C. Einthoven’s Law D. Six Second Strip Method ```

D. Six Second Strip Method

# CARDIO A patient with

B. Bradycardia

# CARDIO ``` Which of the following is the main contributor to the afterload in the heart? A. Pulmonary pressure B. Aortic pressure C. Blood pressure D. Venous return ```

B. Aortic pressure

# CARDIO ``` Volume of blood which passes through blood vessels per unit time depends on A. Pressure gradient B. Dimension of vessels C. Physical properties of blood D. All of the above ```

D. All of the above

# CARDIO ``` A fourfold increase in diameter of a vessel, will cause a ______ increase in blood flow: A. 1-fold B. 4-fold C. 16-fold D. 256-fold ```

D. 256-fold

# CARDIO A patient, 25 F, was sent into the Operating room so that she can receive a peace maker. This means: a. the generated impulse is greater than 60/min b. the generated impulse is greater than 50/min c. the generated impulse is greater than 40/min d. the

d. the generated impulse is greater than 20/min

# CARDIO Patient entered the Emergency room unconscious. A few moment the patient woke-up During history taking, the patient said that he has been experiencing chest pains for a month already. Which of the ff. is the most accurate diagnosis? a. Myocardial ischemia b. Bradycardia c. Tachycardia d. Myocardial infract

d. Myocardial infract

# CARDIO Myocardial Infarction is due to a. untreated/prolonged Myocardial Ischemia b. drinking too much juice rich in fiber c. failure of SV node d. consuming of omega 3

a. untreated/prolonged Myocardial Ischemia

# CARDIO 46 year old female patient entered the clinic complaining of headaches and nosebleeds. Blood pressure was 150/100. Which of the following will you give? a. caffeine patch b. Verapamil c. theophylline d. digoxin

b. Verapamil

# CARDIO While going to the movies for valentines, a security guard calls your attention. He informs you that an old lady at her 50’s is experiencing nosebleeds and headaches. What is happening to her? a. increase plasma H b. Decrease plasma H c. Increase plasma Na d. Decrease plasma Ca

b. Decrease plasma H

# CARDIO As the right ventricle supplies only the lungs, the Left ventricle supplies the rest of the body. Which of the following receives the least amount of blood? a. Heart b. skin c. brain d. bone

a. Heart

# CARDIO If the heart’s natural pacemaker fails to fire, then: a. no blood would enter the atria b. no blood would enter the ventricles c. the node on the floor of the right atrium would act as a secondary pacemaker d. the node on the floor of the left vent

c. the node on the floor of the right atrium would act as a secondary pacemaker

# CARDIO Which tunic of an artery contains endothelium? a. tunica interna/intima b. tunica media c. tunica externa d. tunica adventitia

a. tunica interna/intima

# CARDIO The exchange of gases and nutrients between blood and tissues is a major function of: a. arterioles b. arteries c. capillaries d. veins

c. capillaries

# CARDIO The circulatory pathway that carries blood from the digestive tract towards the liver is termed the: a. coronary circuit b. cerebral circuit c. hepatic portal circuit d. pulmonary circuit

c. hepatic portal circuit

# CARDIO Immediately following strenuous and vigorous exercise, which of the following is most likely to occur? a. blood will be rapidly diverted to the digestive organs b. the skin will be cold and clammy c. capillaries of the active muscles will be engorged with blood d. blood flow to the kidneys quickly increases

c. capillaries of the active muscles will be engorged with blood

# CARDIO An increase in heart rate results in: a. a decrease in developed force b. a decrease in sarcoplasmic Ca levels c. an increase in action potential duration d. a decrease in K conductance e. a decrease in duration of the refractory perio

e. a decrease in duration of the refractory period

# CARDIO In an individual with constant cardiac output and total peripheral resistance, an increase in arterial compliance results in: a. a decrease in pulse pressure b. an increase in mean arterial pressure c. an increase in cardiac work d. both a

a. a decrease in pulse pressure

# CARDIO Epinephrine can produce a vasodilation of skeletal muscle blood vessels by activation of which receptor? a. B1 receptors b. B2 receptors c. B3 receptors d. alpha 1 receptors

b. B2 receptors

# CARDIO An increase in the pressure at the carotid sinus will result in all of the following EXCEPT: a. a decrease in heart rate b. a decrease in cardiac output c. vasodilation d. an increase in sympathetic activity to veins

d. an increase in sympathetic activity to veins

# CARDIO Norepinephrine activates which receptor to increase heart rate? a. alpha 1 receptors b. alpha 2 receptors c. beta 1 receptors d. beta 2 receptors

c. beta 1 receptors

# CARDIO Stroke volume can be decreased by: a. a positive inotropic agent b. lying down with legs raised c. decrease in right atrial pressure d. decreased respiratory rate e. hypotension

d. decreased respiratory rate

CARDIO MODULE Flashcards

(200 cards)