Cardio Pharma Flashcards
(110 cards)
1
Q
formula for BP
A
CO x TPR
2
Q
anti-htn drug class that decrease CO (the rest of the classes decrease TPR)
A
diuretics and beta blockers
3
Q
which anti HTN drug class can decrease BOTH cardiac output and total peripheral resistance
A
diuretics
4
Q
the only beta blocker that has a vasodilating property
A
carvedilol
5
Q
True or false… methyldopa blocks peripheral sympathetic nerve endings
A
False. it blocks central sympathetic nerve endings
6
Q
true or false… Valsartan blocks the AT2 receptors
A
false…it blocks AT1 receptors
7
Q
anti-htn drugs that act on vasomotor center in the brain
A
methyldopa, clonidine
8
Q
anti-a drugs that act on AT1 receptors
A
ARBs
9
Q
anti-htn drugs that act on vascular smooth muscle
A
hydralazine, CCBs, nitroprusside
10
Q
anti-htn drugs that act kidney tubules
A
thiazides
11
Q
anti-htn drugs that is a renin inhibitor
A
aliskerin
12
Q
central acting adrenergic blockers on what receptor
A
alpha 2
13
Q
difference of methlydopa and clonidine in terms of specific site of action as alpha 2 agonists
A
methlydopa : CNS
clonidine: brainstem
14
Q
anti-htn drug that blocks alpha 1
A
prazosin
15
Q
which has more cardiac effect than vasodilating effect: dihydrophyrine or non dihydropyridine CCBs
A
non-dihydrophyrine has more cardiac effect (verapamil and diltiazem)
16
Q
why is Verapamil better than Diltiazem in treating SVTs
A
because verapamil has greater action on the AV node. Dilitazem, on the other hand, has greater action on the SA node
17
Q
which among verapamil, diltiazem, and amlodipine has the greatest vasodilating ability
A
amlodipine
18
Q
which among verapamil, diltiazem, and amlodipine can cause more headache
A
amlodipine (bc it is a DHP CCB so it has vasodilating effect on blood vessels in the brain)
19
Q
what anti-hypertensive drug class is contraindicated in patients with bilateral renal artery stenosis
A
ACEI/ARBS
20
Q
true or false. ACEi/ARBS can cause hyperkalemia
A
True. by decreasing potassium excretion
21
Q
which is better in patients with heart failure: ACEI or ARBS
A
ACEi because of added benefit of increasing bradykinin resulting to vasodilation resulting to decreased total peripheral resistance
22
Q
anti-htn drug for patients with HPN and BPH
A
alpha 1 blockers (tamsulosins, prazosan)
23
Q
which anti-htn drug classes can prevent ventricular remodelling
A
ACEi/ARBS and beta blockers, andspironolactone
24
Q
beta blockers can be used for HF px class I- IV. True or false
A
False. can only be used in class I and II
25
examples of non cardio selective beta blockers
NSTP except nebivolol.. included are: nadolol, sotalol, timolol, propanolol
26
examples of cardio selective beta blockers
BEAM: bisoprolol, esmolol, atenolol, metoprolol
27
example of non selective beta blocker
carvedilol.. kaya meron siyang vasodilatory mechanism also
28
example of selective beta blocker
nebivolol
29
what anti hypertensive drug causes gynecomastis
spironolactone
30
anti htn drugs safe in pregnancy
"Hy Lab Me Ni" hydralazine, labetalol, methyldopa, nifedipine
31
anti htn drug that is also good for patients with metabolic syndrome because decreases insulin resistance
clonidine
32
Under what class of diuretic is acetazolamide
carbonic anhydrase inhibitor
33
mannitol and glycerin are under what class of diuretic
osmotic diuretic
34
furosemide and bumetanide are under what class of diuretic
loop diuretic
35
hydrochlorothiazide is under what class of diuretic
thiazide
36
amiloride and triamterene are under what class of diuretic
potassium sparing diuretic
37
spironolactone and eplerenone are under what class of diuretic
aldosterone antagonists
38
class of anti diuretic that can be given in patients with acute mountain sickness
carbonic anhydrase inhibitors... kasi carbonic drinks.. mga ZOLA like azetazolamide... mga cola.. parang mountain dew... so acute mountain sickness
39
class of anti diuretic indicated for intracranial hypetension and intraocular glaucoma
osmotic diuretics
40
class of anti diuretic indicated for pulmonary edema
loop diuretics
41
class of anti diuretic indicated for congestive heart failure
thiazides
42
which class of anti diuretic causes hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis
carbonic anhydrase inhibitors and aldosterone antagonists
43
which class of anti diuretic causes hypokalemic meabolic alkalosis
loop diuretics
44
which class of anti diuretic can cause hyperuricemia and thus gout
thiazides
45
which class of anti diuretic causes renal stones from hyperphosphaturia and hypercalciuria
carbonic anhydrase inhibitors
46
in patients with prinzmetal angina, chest pain relief may be obtained with the ff except: nitroglycerine, verapamil, or diltiazem?
lahat pwedeng ibigay!!!!
47
IV nitrogylcerine can be given in patients with acute MI to decrease myocardial oxygen demand... except for what specific kind of MI
inferior wall with RV infarct... because RV is dependent on blood volume (Frank starling...) because IV nitroglycerine kasi decreases preload so pag decrease ang preload, konti lang blood pumapasok sa right ventricle... decreased strethc due to frank starling mechanism so decreased cardiac output... Eh nag infarct na nga dun so given na konti na ang contractility nun... so kaya contraindicated
48
which between ISMN and ISDN can be given for chronic vs acute angina?
ISDN provides acute anginal relief. ISMN is for chronic stable angina
49
example of non clot specific fibrinolytics
streptokinase, urokinase
50
example of clot specific fibrinolytics
t-PA, alteplase, reteplase
51
what anti htn drugs should not be given if patient is taking sildenafil
nitrates
52
antiplatelet with MOA of inhibition of thromboxane synthesis
aspirin
53
antiplatelet with MOA of inhibition of ADP-induced platelet activation
ADP.. so diphosphate.. di... dalawa... so i-tiklop para maging buo... ticlopidine, clopidogrel, prasugrel, ticagrelor
54
which among the following causes reversible inhibition of ADP-induced platelet activation (the rest kasi are irreversible)... ticlopidine, clopidogrel, prasugrel, or ticagrelor
ticagrelor
55
antiplatelet with MOA of blockade of GP IIb/IIIa receptors on platelets
mga nasa FIBA may ABS... tiroFIBAn, eptiFIBAtide, and ABCiximab
56
antiplatelet with MOA of phosphodiesterase inhibitor
dipyridamole, cilostazol
57
best anti platelet drug to be given in patients post PCI
GP IIb/IIIa receptor blockers... kasi pinakamatindi silang anti platelet drugs given pag sobrang "gasgas" ang endothelial lining like in PCI
58
antiplatelet drugs that causes coronary steal phenomenon
phosphodiesterase inhibitors (cilostazol and dipyridamole)
59
best antiplatelet drug for patients with peripheral arterial occlusive disease
cilostazol
60
warfarin is indicated for valvular or non valvular atrial fib?
valvular AF
61
Dabigatran and Rivaroxaban are indicated for valvular o non valvular AF?
non valvular AF
62
high molecular weight heparin, low molecular weight heparin, synthetic pentasaccharide are examples of
indirect thrombin inhibitors
63
hirudin, bivalirudin, dabigatran are examples of
direct thrombin inhibitors
64
examples of parenteral direct thrombin inhibitors
argatroban, and mga RUDIN... hirudin, bivalirudin, lepirudin
65
examples of oral direct thrombin inhibitors
dabigatran
66
rivaroxaban and apixaban are examples of
direct Xa inhibitors.. kaya rivaroXAban and apiXAban
67
example of vitamin K antagonist
warfarin
68
examples of ORAL anticoagulants
Dabigatran, Rivaroxaban... "si Dab mahilig sa oral hahahahahaha"
69
anti coagulant that is safe for pregnancy
low molecular weight heparin (enoxaparin, tinzaparin...)
70
examples of HMG Co-A reductase inhibitors
statins... simvastatin...
71
what lipid lowering agents can cause myopathy --> myoglobinuria- --> acute renal failure
simvastatin and gemfibrozil
72
lipid lowering agent that can causes cutaneous vasodilation
niacin
73
gemfibrozil, fenofibrate, clofibrate, and bezafibrate are examples of
fibric acid derivates ( a type of lipid lowering agent)
74
colestipol, cholestyramine, and colesevelam are examples of
bile acid binding resins (for lipid lowering)
75
this drug used for CHF inhibits Na K ATPase
digitalis
76
this drug used for CHF is parasympathomimetic at physiologic doses and sympathomimetic in high doses kaya nagkakaroon ng arrythmia as side effect
digitalis
77
amrinone and milrinone are examples of
Phosphodiesterase III inhibitors (for CHF kasi it acts both as inotropic and vasodilator kaya sila tinatawag na inodilators)
78
at what dose will dopamine stimulate dopaminergic receptors causing dilation of mesenteric vessels causing decreased preload
1-2 ug/kg/min
79
at what dose will dopamine stimulate alpha AND beta receptors
2-10 ug/kg/min
80
at what dose will dopamine stimulate alpha receptors only causing vasoconstriction (similar action to norepinephrine)
>20 ug/kg/min
81
effect of dobutamin given that it is B1 agonist and alpha antagonist
it is both an inotropic and a vasodilator
82
betablockers can be given to Class I, II, III. and IV CHF
class I and II only
83
DOC to relieve pulmonary edema
furosemide
84
tolvaptan and conivaptan are examples of
argenine-vasopressin antagonists
85
digitalis toxicity is enhanced by what electrolyte abnormalities
hypokalemia and hypomagnesemia
86
normal LV filling pressure is around
15 mmHg ( if it exceeds then it means na end diastolic pressure is high so poor ang contraction ng heart)
87
normal cardiac index should be
>2.5
88
ion channels blocked by various classes of anti arryhtmic drugs
```
class I - sodium channels
class II - beta receptors
class III- postassium channels
class IV- calcium channels
```
89
examples of class IV antiarrythmics
verapamil and diltiazem
90
examples of class III antiarrythmics
amiodarone and sotalol
91
examples of class II antiarrythmics
beta blockers
92
quinidine , procainamide, and disopydramide are examples of what class of antiarrythmics
class IA
93
lidocaine, tocainide, mexiletine, and phenytoin are examples of what class of antiarrythmics
class IB
94
flecainade, encainide, and moricizine are examples of what class of antiarrythmics
class IC
95
true or false.. adenosine can inhibit AV nodal conduction and increases AV nodal refractory period
True
96
true or false... adenosine can be used for Torsades de pointes while magnesium can be used for paroxysmal SVT
false. baliktadddd
97
how can hyperkalemia cause suppression of heart activity
increasing serum K will suppress the SA node and depress ectopic pacemakers by promoting restinh potential depolarizing action and membrane potential stabilizing action....
98
hypokalemia is pro arrhythmic. true or false
true
99
location of activity of class I anti arrhythmic
heart muscles.. so sa atrium and ventricles... except ofr class IB na sa ventricles lang
100
location of activity of class II anti arrhythmic
AV node and ventricles
101
location of activity of class III anti arrhythmic
heart muscles so atrium and ventricles
102
location of activity of class IV anti arrhythmic
AV node only
103
class of anti arrhythmic drugs that can suppress supra ventricular tachycardia
class II and class IV
104
in acute AF do cardioversion while in chronic AF requires rate control only. true or false
true
105
anti arrhythmics that can be used for cardioversion
class Ia, Ic, and III
106
anti arrhythmics that can be used for rate control
AV nodal blockers so class II and class IV
107
true or false: for VTach stable--> defibrillation
false. drug administration would suffice
108
true or false: for VTach with pulse but low BP --> defibrillation
false. do electrical synchronized cardioversion
109
true or false: for VTach without pulse --> defibrillation
true
110
true or false: for Vfib ---> defibrillation
true
