Cardio-pulmonary Agents

Question 1

What class does Beclomethasone fall under?

Answer 1

Inhaled corticosteroids

Question 2

Adverse Effects of Inhaled Corticosteroids

Answer 2

Oral Candidiasis
Dysphonia 
Sore Throat
Skin Bruising
Cataracts
Osteoporosis
Hypokalaemia

Question 3

Contraindications of SABA drugs

Answer 3

Narrow angle glaucoma

BPH

Question 4

Name an anti-cholinergic and it’s adverse effects

Answer 4

ipratropium bromide

urinary retention
constipation
dry mouth

Question 5

What is the MOA of Theophylline?

Answer 5

phosphodiesterase inhibitor and adenosine receptor antagonist

Question 6

Name the inhaled corticosteroids vs the oral corticosteroids

Answer 6

Beclomethasone, budesonide, fluticasone

prednisone, prednisolone

Question 7

There are 9 adverse effects to oral corticosteroid use. Name them

Answer 7

Adrenal Suppression
Cushing's Syndrome
Diabetes
Dyslipidemia
CVD
Osteoporosis
Fractures
Skin Changes 
Immunosupression

Question 8

Differences between adverse effects of SABA and LABA

Answer 8

Tachyardia, Headache, Hypokalemia

Palpitations, Tremor

Question 9

ANTI THH is an acronym for something. What is it?

Answer 9

theophylline

Question 10

What is ANTI THH for?

Answer 10

AF, Nausea and Vomiting, Tremor, Insomnia, Tachycardia, Headache, Hypokalemia

Question 11

Tell me everything you know about Leukotriene Modifiers

Answer 11

1. MOA - Leukotriene blockers
2. Indications - Controller, Aspirin sensitive Asthma, AR
3. Drug name - Montelukast

Question 12

HTZ - MOA and adverse effects

Answer 12

inhibits NaCl pump in DCT

Hyponatremia, hypokalaemia, hypochloremia, hypERuremia, glucose intolerance

Question 13

Contrindications of using thiazide diuretics?

Answer 13

gout

Question 14

Indications for use of diuretics

Answer 14

HPT, Acute and Chronic CCF

Question 15

what is the difference between thiazide diuretics and loop diuretics?

Answer 15

inhibits NaCl pump in DCT

inhibits NaKCl transporter in ascending loop

Question 16

Furosemide. Tell me about it.

Answer 16

1. MOA - inhibits NaK2Cl
2. Adverse Reactions - hyponatremia, Hypokalemia, Hypochloremia, Hypomagnesia, Hypocalcemia, ototoxicity, hypersensitivity, hyperuricemia
3. Contraindications - lithium, anuria patient (anuria occurs when the kidneys aren’t producing urine)

Question 17

low ceiling partial agonist?

Answer 17

thiazide diuretics

Question 18

what is a spironolactone?

Answer 18

potassium sparing diuretic

Question 19

special indication for a K+ sparing diuretic

Answer 19

hypokalemia

Question 20

Adverse effects for Spironolactone and contraindications

Answer 20

Hyperkalemia, gynecomastia, decreased libido, erectile dysfunction, menstrual abnormalities, renal impairment

renal failure and hyperkalemia

Question 21

MOA for amlodopine and nifedipine

Answer 21

blocks the entry of calcium into calcium channels which prevents muscle constriction

Question 22

Special things to note about amlodopine

Answer 22

preferred in black patients
acts on smooth muscle
used for HPT, ANGINA and CCF

Question 23

Name 1 ACE-I and ARB

Answer 23

Enalapril and Losartan

Question 24

Adverse effects of both ACE-I and ARB

Answer 24

angioedema, dry cough, dizziness, orthostatic hypertension

Question 25

Contraindications of ACE-I

Answer 25

bilateral renal artery stenosis. pregnancy hyperkalemia angioneurotic odema

Question 26

Beta Blockers are used in 5 things. What are they?

Answer 26

``` HPT MI Angina CCF Arrythmias ```

Question 27

what do Beta Blockers do

Answer 27

block beta adrenergic receptors which decrease the heart rate

Question 28

When should you never use Beta Blockers?

Answer 28

Asthma, COPD, Acute CCF

Question 29

Name the class for Prazosin and Doxasin

Answer 29

Alpha-1 blockers

Question 30

What are alpha 1 blockers used for?

Answer 30

HPT and BPH in men

Question 31

What are the digoxin toxicity symptoms?

Answer 31

``` Nausea and Vomiting Diarrhoea Headache Abdominal Pain Colour vision disturbances Malaise ```

Question 32

What is digoxin used for and what are the contraindications for it?

Answer 32

AF and chronic CCF NTI, Hypokalemia and renal impairment

Question 33

which class does digoxin fall under?

Answer 33

inotrope

Question 34

What are nitrates used for?

Answer 34

Angina CCF

Question 35

Name all the drugs used for CCF

Answer 35

Acute - nitrates, loop diuretics | Chronic - thiazide, loop, K sparing, Dihydropyridines, Ace-I, ARB, Beta Blockers, Inotropes

Question 36

MOA for nitrates

Answer 36

produces NO which increases intracyclic GMP which decreases calcium level leading to vascular smooth muscle relaxation

Question 37

Where do you see reflex tachycardia? Name the other side effects that accompany this

Answer 37

Nitrates Hypotension in diabetics, tolerance

Question 38

Anticoagulants. List them.

Answer 38

warfarin, heparin, rivaroxaban, dabigatran, heparin, LMWH, VLMWH

Question 39

Tell me all about warfarin

Answer 39

Indications - AF, Thromboembolism, DVT, PE MOA- inhibits activation of factor 2,7,9,10 and protein C and S by inhibiting Vit K activation Adverse Effects - bleeding, skin, necrosis, purple toe syndrome Contraindications - pregnancy, bleeding disorder Special things to note: increase does with TB, low extraction ratio

Question 40

what inhibits factor 2 and factor 10? contraindications?

Answer 40

rivaroxaban and dabigatran renal impairment

Question 41

Differences between Aspirin, Clopidogrel, atleplase and Streptokinase. What are they?

Answer 41

Aspirin - Angina, Analgesia, STEMI, NSTEMI, Stent, AF Clopidogrel - STEMI, NSTEMI, stent, AF Streptokinase - STEMI, PE Alteplase - STEMI, PE, Ishaemic stoke Antiplatelet.

Question 42

which pathway does heparin inhibit and how?

Answer 42

extrinsic through potentiating the antithrombic effect

Question 43

HOT HABI is an acronym for the side effects of heparin. What is the answer?

Answer 43

HIT, Osteoporosis, thrombocytopenia, hyperkalemia, | alopecia, bleeding, increased AST

Question 44

Lucky for you, the contraindications of heparin are similar to the adverse effects. What are they?

Answer 44

HIT, osteoporosis, Bleeding

Question 45

How do we reverse the effects of anticoagulants?

Answer 45

warfarin - FFP and Vit K | heparin - protamine or sulphate

Question 46

ADP antagonist vs COX inhibitor vs plasminogen activator. Which one is which?

Answer 46

Clopidogrel and Aspirin and alteplase/tenecteplase

Question 47

We already know that our antihypertensives cause angioedema. Which thrombolytic does this?

Answer 47

Alteplase (thrombolytic rt-pa)

Question 48

Tell me about fenofibrate

Answer 48

1. Class - fibrate 2. Indications - hypertriglyceridemia 3. MOA - stores cholesterol in fat

Question 49

Name the drugs used for angina

Answer 49

Beta Blockers Calcium Channel Blockers Niitrates

Question 50

In CAD, if beta blockers are contra-indicated, what do you use?

Answer 50

VERAPIMIL

Question 51

what HPT drug causes hairy growth? - vasodilation drug

Answer 51

minoxidil

Question 52

renin is stimulated by;

Answer 52

reduced renal arterial pressure, sympathetic neural stimulation and reduced Na delivery or increased Na concentration in the DCT

Question 53

where would you use methyldopa?

Answer 53

in pregnancy hypertension