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Pharmacology > Cardio-pulmonary Agents > Flashcards

Cardio-pulmonary Agents Flashcards

1
Q

What class does Beclomethasone fall under?

A

Inhaled corticosteroids

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2
Q

Adverse Effects of Inhaled Corticosteroids

A 
Oral Candidiasis
Dysphonia 
Sore Throat
Skin Bruising
Cataracts
Osteoporosis
Hypokalaemia
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3
Q

Contraindications of SABA drugs

A

Narrow angle glaucoma

BPH

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4
Q

Name an anti-cholinergic and it’s adverse effects

A

ipratropium bromide

urinary retention
constipation
dry mouth

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5
Q

What is the MOA of Theophylline?

A

phosphodiesterase inhibitor and adenosine receptor antagonist

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6
Q

Name the inhaled corticosteroids vs the oral corticosteroids

A

Beclomethasone, budesonide, fluticasone

prednisone, prednisolone

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7
Q

There are 9 adverse effects to oral corticosteroid use. Name them

A 
Adrenal Suppression
Cushing's Syndrome
Diabetes
Dyslipidemia
CVD
Osteoporosis
Fractures
Skin Changes 
Immunosupression
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8
Q

Differences between adverse effects of SABA and LABA

A

Tachyardia, Headache, Hypokalemia

Palpitations, Tremor

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9
Q

ANTI THH is an acronym for something. What is it?

A

theophylline

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10
Q

What is ANTI THH for?

A

AF, Nausea and Vomiting, Tremor, Insomnia, Tachycardia, Headache, Hypokalemia

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11
Q

Tell me everything you know about Leukotriene Modifiers

A
  1. MOA - Leukotriene blockers
  2. Indications - Controller, Aspirin sensitive Asthma, AR
  3. Drug name - Montelukast
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12
Q

HTZ - MOA and adverse effects

A

inhibits NaCl pump in DCT

Hyponatremia, hypokalaemia, hypochloremia, hypERuremia, glucose intolerance

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13
Q

Contrindications of using thiazide diuretics?

A

gout

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14
Q

Indications for use of diuretics

A

HPT, Acute and Chronic CCF

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15
Q

what is the difference between thiazide diuretics and loop diuretics?

A

inhibits NaCl pump in DCT

inhibits NaKCl transporter in ascending loop

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16
Q

Furosemide. Tell me about it.

A
  1. MOA - inhibits NaK2Cl
  2. Adverse Reactions - hyponatremia, Hypokalemia, Hypochloremia, Hypomagnesia, Hypocalcemia, ototoxicity, hypersensitivity, hyperuricemia
  3. Contraindications - lithium, anuria patient (anuria occurs when the kidneys aren’t producing urine)
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17
Q

low ceiling partial agonist?

A

thiazide diuretics

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18
Q

what is a spironolactone?

A

potassium sparing diuretic

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19
Q

special indication for a K+ sparing diuretic

A

hypokalemia

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20
Q

Adverse effects for Spironolactone and contraindications

A

Hyperkalemia, gynecomastia, decreased libido, erectile dysfunction, menstrual abnormalities, renal impairment

renal failure and hyperkalemia

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21
Q

MOA for amlodopine and nifedipine

A

blocks the entry of calcium into calcium channels which prevents muscle constriction

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22
Q

Special things to note about amlodopine

A

preferred in black patients
acts on smooth muscle
used for HPT, ANGINA and CCF

23
Q

Name 1 ACE-I and ARB

A

Enalapril and Losartan

24
Q

Adverse effects of both ACE-I and ARB

A

angioedema, dry cough, dizziness, orthostatic hypertension

25
Q

Contraindications of ACE-I

A

bilateral renal artery stenosis.
pregnancy
hyperkalemia
angioneurotic odema

26
Q

Beta Blockers are used in 5 things. What are they?

A 
HPT
MI
Angina
CCF
Arrythmias
27
Q

what do Beta Blockers do

A

block beta adrenergic receptors which decrease the heart rate

28
Q

When should you never use Beta Blockers?

A

Asthma, COPD, Acute CCF

29
Q

Name the class for Prazosin and Doxasin

A

Alpha-1 blockers

30
Q

What are alpha 1 blockers used for?

A

HPT and BPH in men

31
Q

What are the digoxin toxicity symptoms?

A 
Nausea and Vomiting
Diarrhoea 
Headache
Abdominal Pain
Colour vision disturbances
Malaise
32
Q

What is digoxin used for and what are the contraindications for it?

A

AF and chronic CCF

NTI, Hypokalemia and renal impairment

33
Q

which class does digoxin fall under?

A

inotrope

34
Q

What are nitrates used for?

A

Angina CCF

35
Q

Name all the drugs used for CCF

A

Acute - nitrates, loop diuretics

Chronic - thiazide, loop, K sparing, Dihydropyridines, Ace-I, ARB, Beta Blockers, Inotropes

36
Q

MOA for nitrates

A

produces NO which increases intracyclic GMP which decreases calcium level leading to vascular smooth muscle relaxation

37
Q

Where do you see reflex tachycardia? Name the other side effects that accompany this

A

Nitrates

Hypotension in diabetics, tolerance

38
Q

Anticoagulants. List them.

A

warfarin, heparin, rivaroxaban, dabigatran, heparin, LMWH, VLMWH

39
Q

Tell me all about warfarin

A

Indications - AF, Thromboembolism, DVT, PE
MOA- inhibits activation of factor 2,7,9,10 and protein C and S by inhibiting Vit K activation
Adverse Effects - bleeding, skin, necrosis, purple toe syndrome
Contraindications - pregnancy, bleeding disorder
Special things to note: increase does with TB, low extraction ratio

40
Q

what inhibits factor 2 and factor 10?

contraindications?

A

rivaroxaban and dabigatran

renal impairment

41
Q

Differences between Aspirin, Clopidogrel, atleplase and Streptokinase. What are they?

A

Aspirin - Angina, Analgesia, STEMI, NSTEMI, Stent, AF
Clopidogrel - STEMI, NSTEMI, stent, AF
Streptokinase - STEMI, PE
Alteplase - STEMI, PE, Ishaemic stoke

Antiplatelet.

42
Q

which pathway does heparin inhibit and how?

A

extrinsic through potentiating the antithrombic effect

43
Q

HOT HABI is an acronym for the side effects of heparin. What is the answer?

A

HIT, Osteoporosis, thrombocytopenia, hyperkalemia,

alopecia, bleeding, increased AST

44
Q

Lucky for you, the contraindications of heparin are similar to the adverse effects. What are they?

A

HIT, osteoporosis, Bleeding

45
Q

How do we reverse the effects of anticoagulants?

A

warfarin - FFP and Vit K

heparin - protamine or sulphate

46
Q

ADP antagonist vs COX inhibitor vs plasminogen activator. Which one is which?

A

Clopidogrel and Aspirin and alteplase/tenecteplase

47
Q

We already know that our antihypertensives cause angioedema. Which thrombolytic does this?

A

Alteplase (thrombolytic rt-pa)

48
Q

Tell me about fenofibrate

A
  1. Class - fibrate
  2. Indications - hypertriglyceridemia
  3. MOA - stores cholesterol in fat
49
Q

Name the drugs used for angina

A

Beta Blockers
Calcium Channel Blockers
Niitrates

50
Q

In CAD, if beta blockers are contra-indicated, what do you use?

A

VERAPIMIL

51
Q

what HPT drug causes hairy growth? - vasodilation drug

A

minoxidil

52
Q

renin is stimulated by;

A

reduced renal arterial pressure, sympathetic neural stimulation and reduced Na delivery or increased Na concentration in the DCT

53
Q

where would you use methyldopa?

A

in pregnancy hypertension

Pharmacology (11 decks)

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