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AQA PE > Cardio-Respiratory System 1.3 > Flashcards

Cardio-Respiratory System 1.3 Flashcards

(79 cards)

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1
Q

What is two systems is the cardio-respiratory system made from

A

Circulatory system and respiratory system

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2
Q

Function of cardio-respiratory system

A

Breathing and supplying oxygen

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3
Q

Respiratory order (6)

A
  • nose/mouth
  • trachea
  • lungs
  • bronchi
  • bronchioles
  • alveoli
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4
Q

What is the epiglottis

A

Flap of tissue that covers trachea when eating

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5
Q

Gaseous exchange 1

A

Oxygen passes through alveoli and in to red blood cells in capillaries

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6
Q

Gaseous exchange 2

A

In capillaries oxygen combines with haemoglobin to form oxyhaemoglobin and carried around body

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7
Q

What is haemoglobin

A

Protein in blood cells that carries oxygen

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8
Q

What is oxyhaemoglobin

A

Bright red substance formed by haemoglobin and oxygen

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9
Q

Gaseous exchange 3

A

At the same time haemoglobin carries Carbon dioxide from body to capillaries

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10
Q

Gaseous exchange (4)

A

Carbon dioxide in capillaries passes through alveoli and is breathed out.

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11
Q

What makes alveoli have an efficient exchange area (4)

A
  • walls one cell thick
  • large surface area
  • capillary network
  • layer of water lining alveolus
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12
Q

What is surfactant

A

Mix of lipids and proteins that reduce tension in alveoli

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13
Q

Diffusion pathway definition

A

Distance travelled during diffusion

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14
Q

Synonym for inhalation

A

Inspiration

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15
Q

Synonym for inspiration

A

Inhalation

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16
Q

Synonym for expiration

A

Exhalation

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17
Q

Synonym for exhalation

A

Expiration

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18
Q

What happens to diaphragm when we inspire (2)

A

Flattens and moves downwards

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19
Q

What happens to intercostal muscles when we inspire (4)

A

Contract, raising ribs up and pushing out the sternum, making chest cavity bigger

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20
Q

What happens when chest cavity is larger (2)

A

Reduces air pressure inside chest cavity, sucking air in

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21
Q

What happens to diaphragm when we expire

A

Becomes dome shaped

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22
Q

What happens to intercostal muscles when we expire (4)

A

Relax, lowering ribs and dropping sternum, making chest cavity smaller

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23
Q

What happens when chest cavity is smaller (2)

A

Increases air pressure in cavity, pushing air out

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24
Q

Tidal volume definition

A

Normal volume of air inhaled or exhaled per breath

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25
What happens to tidal volume during exercise
Increases
26
What is normal volume of air inhaled or exhaled per breath
Tidal volume
27
Expiratory reserve volume definition
Volume of air that can be forced out after tidal volume
28
What happens to expiratory reserve volume during exercise
Decreases
29
Volume of air that can be forced out after tidal volume
Expiratory reserve volume
30
Inspiratory reserve volume definition
Volume of air that can be forced in after tidal volume
31
Volume of air that can be forced in after tidal volume
Inspiratory reserve volume
32
What happens to inspiratory reserve volume during exercise
Decreases
33
Residual volume definition
Volume of air that remains in lungs after maximal expiration
34
Volume of air that remains in lungs after maximal expiration
Residual volume
35
What happens to residual volume during exercise
Nothing
36
Vital capacity definition
Largest volume of air that can be forcibly expired after deepest possible inspiration
37
Largest volume of air that can be forcibly expired after deepest possible inspiration
Vital capacity
38
How to measure air capacity of human lungs
Spirometer
39
What does a spirometer do
Measures air capacity of human lungs
40
What is a spirometer trace
Way of recording and measuring the volumes
41
Way of recording and measuring the volumes
Spirometer trace
42
What is deoxygenated blood
Blood containing low concentration of oxygen
43
What is oxygenated blood
Blood containing high concentration of oxygen
44
Average heart rate of adult
72 bpm
45
What is a heartbeat
One contraction and one relaxation of the heart
46
Heart rate definition
Number of times heart beats in one minute
47
What happens to heart rate during exercise
Increase
48
Pulse definition
Rhythmic throbbing as arteries pump blood around body
49
Rhythmic throbbing as arteries pump blood around body
Pulse
50
Backflow definition
Flowing backwards of blood, which valves in the veins prevent
51
Flowing backwards of blood, which valves in the veins prevent
Backflow
52
Diastole definition
Phase of heartbeat when heart relaxes and chambers fill with blood
53
Phase of heartbeat when heart relaxes and chambers fill with blood
Diastole
54
Systole definition
Phase of heartbeat when heart contracts and is emptied of blood
55
Phase of heartbeat when heart contracts and is emptied of blood
Systole
56
Cardiac cycle
One cycle of diastole and systole
57
One cycle of diastole and systole
Cardiac cycle
58
Blood pressure
Pressure that blood is under
59
Systolic reading
Pressure of blood when heart contracts
60
Pressure of blood when heart contracts
Systolic reading
61
Diastolic reading
Pressure of blood when heart relaxes
62
Pressure of blood when heart relaxes
Diastolic reading
63
Pathway of blood (12)
- vena cava - right atrium - valve - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - valve - left ventricle - aorta - body
64
Where is blood directed towards during rest
Organs
65
Where is blood directed towards during exercise
Voluntary muscles
66
Is aerobic or anaerobic more efficient
Aerobically
67
Vasoconstriction definition
Narrowing of blood vessel to restrict volume of blood passing through
68
Narrowing of blood vessel to restrict volume of blood passing through
Vasoconstriction
69
Vasodilation definition
Widening of blood vessel to increase volume of blood travelling through
70
Cardiac output symbol
Q
71
Stroke volume symbol
SV
72
Cardiac output equation (symbol)
Q = SV x HR
73
Heart rate symbol
HR
74
Cardiac output equation (words)
Cardiac output = stroke volume x heart rate
75
Stroke volume definition
Volume of blood pumped out of each ventricle of the heart during one contraction
76
Volume of blood pumped out of each ventricle of the heart during one contraction
Stroke volume
77
Cardiac output definition
Volume of blood ejected from heart in one minute
78
Working out maximum heart rate
220 - age
79
What is anticipatory rise
Slight increase of hate rate as you anticipate activity

AQA PE (9 decks)

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