Cardio vascular system

Question 1

Atrial diastole

Answer 1

-Atrium relaxes and fills with blood via vena cava & pulmonary vein
-Weight of blood forces open AV valves

Question 2

Atria systole

Answer 2

-Atrium contracts forcing remaining blood into the ventricles
-AV valves close to prevent backflow

Question 3

Ventricular diastole

Answer 3

-Ventricles relax
-blood passively moves into ventricles
-Takes 0.5 seconds

Question 4

Ventricular systole

Answer 4

-Ventricles contract
-Forces blood out through semi-luna valves
-Blood leaves the heart via the aorta and pulmonary artery
-Takes 0.3 seconds

Question 5

Cardiac output

Answer 5

The volume of blood that ejected from the left ventricle per minute.
Rest=5L/min
Sub=12L/min
Max=30L/min

Question 6

Stroke volume

Answer 6

The volume of blood ejected from the left ventricle per beat.
Rest=70ml
Sub=120ml
Max=120ml

Question 7

Heart rate

Answer 7

How many times the heart beats per minute.
Rest=70bpm
Sub=100bpm
max=220-age

Question 8

Frankstarling mechanisms

Answer 8

SV is dependent on venous return.
SV plateaus because increased HR doesn’t allow enough time for ventricles to fill completely with blood, limiting the Frank-starling mechanism

Question 9

SV reponse to exersice

Answer 9

SV increases proportionately to exercise until a plateau is reached at approx 60% of working capacity
-SV increases due to increased venous return, larger vol of blood returned to the heart

Question 10

Neural receptors

Answer 10

Chemoreceptor-detects an increase in acidity, increase in Co2
Baroreceptors-detect an increase in pressure
Proprioreceptos- detect increase or decrease in movement

Question 11

Neural control of Heart rate-increase

Answer 11

1. A receptor detects an increase in acidity/pressure/movement
2. Impulse sent to CCC
3. Sympathetic nervous system increases impulse
4. Impulse sent down the accelerator nerve, to the SA node
5. Increase heart rate

Question 12

Neural control of Heart rate-decrease

Answer 12

1. A receptor detects a decrease in acidity/pressure/movement
2. Impulse sent to CCC
3. Parasympathetic nervous system increases impulse
4. impulse sent down the vagus nerve to the SA node
5. Deacsrese heart rate

Question 13

Hormonal control of heart rate

Answer 13

-Release of adrenaline
-Acts directly on to SA node
-Stimulating increase in heart rate

Question 14

Venous return effect on heart rate

Answer 14

-Increased venous return increases the stretch of atrial walls, Causing increased heart rate
-Also increase the stretch on ventricle walls, increasing SV

Question 15

Temperature effect on Heart rate

Answer 15

1. Increase temp detected by thermoreceptors​
2. Informs CCC in medulla​
3. Causes increased HR ​
4. Decrease temperature detected by Thermoreceptors​
5. Informs CCC in medulla​
6. Causes decreased HR ​