Cardio Vascular System: Blood Chapter 19 Flashcards
(101 cards)
1
Q
3 Components of the circulatory system
A
heart, blood, and blood vessels
2
Q
The cardiovascular system is the first system developed by week ___ of gestation
A
3
3
Q
The heart serves as a pump and has to have a form of _________.
A
transportation
4
Q
5 Purposes of blood
A
- Transportation
- Regulation of pH
- Maintenance of Body temp
- Protection Against Foreign Substances
- Clot Formation
5
Q
Blood transports which gases and what else?
A
oxygen, carbon dioxide, and waste, nutrients, and vitamins, and regulatory molecules and hormones/enzymes
6
Q
pH is regulated by
A
hydrogen
7
Q
______ buffer system
A
bicarbonate
8
Q
acid indicates _____ hydrogen
A
high
9
Q
base indicates ______ hydrogen
A
low
10
Q
bicarbonate buffers concentrations of _________
A
hydrogen
11
Q
the bicarbonate buffers concentrations of hydrogen by ________ concentrations in acids and __________ concentrations in bases.
A
absorbing, providing
12
Q
warm blood shunts to the surface to release heat when hot, thus ______.
A
sweating
13
Q
blood will stay inside of deeper tissue to maintain heat loss when ______
A
cold
14
Q
Blood has access to parts of your body that could be invaded by _____
A
pathogens
15
Q
2 Cells in the blood that fight against pathogens
A
WBC and antibodies
16
Q
Clot formation _____ blood loss
A
seals
17
Q
______ monitor blood loss
A
platelets
18
Q
a collection of _____ form a clot at damage
A
cells
19
Q
blood clots prevent blood ___
A
loss
20
Q
blood is _______ tissue
A
connective
21
Q
Blood has an extensive ________ ______ thus meaning fewer cells
A
extracellular matrix
22
Q
extracellular matrix is ______
A
fluid
23
Q
55% of blood is
A
plasma
24
Q
45% of blood is
A
hematocrit
25
hematocrit Is the percentage of _______ components
cellular
26
a ________ is a solution that contains a substance that doesn't settle out (plasma)
colloid
27
____% of blood is water
91
28
3 Proteins found in blood consist of
Albumins, globulins, and fibrinogen
29
Antibodies are types of
globulins
30
_______ regulate osmotic pressure and osmosis and transportation
albumins
31
________ transport and work with immunity
globulins
32
_________ are blood clotting fibers
fibrinogen
33
plasma without the clotting factor is called
serum
34
______ are made of ions, nutrients, waste, gases, and regulatory substances
hormones
35
3 Cell fragments in blood are
Erethrocytes, leukocytes, and thrombocytes
36
__________/_________ is the formation of RED blood cells
Hematopoiesis/Hemopoiesis
37
ALL blood cells are derived from __________ (a stem cell)
Hemocytoblasts
38
All cells come from _______ cells (hemocytoblasts)
myeloid cells
39
Lymphocytes come from ______ cells (hemocytoblasts)
lymphoid cells
40
_________ have a biconcave disc
erythrocytes
41
biconcave disc allows for flexibility and to pass through ______ _______
blood vessels
42
Erythrocytes are _______ and lose their nucleus during maturity
anucleate
43
Because erythrocytes are anucleate they are incapable of ______ and cannot repair damage
mitosis
44
Erythrocyte life span is
120 days
45
Blood is full of what oxygen carrying protein
hemoglobin
46
Oxygen is transported by attaching to ______
hemoglobin
47
Carbon dioxide is primarily transported by ______.
bicarbonate
48
Globin is the ______ and heme is the _______
protein, iron
49
There are _ global and _ heme per HEMOGLOBIN
2, 2
50
_______ hemoglobin is the first globin to activate in your genes
embryonic
51
_______ hemoglobin replaces at the 3rd month of development
fetal
52
_______ hemoglobin replaces 60-90% at birth and has a weaker affinity for ocygen
adult
53
______ means it is bound to oxygen
oxyhemoglobin
54
______ means it is not bound to oxygen
deoxyhemoglobin
55
__________ means it is transporting carbon dioxide
Carbaminohemoglobin
56
When transporting carbon dioxide, the carbon dioxide attaches to the protein ______ instead of the heme
globin
57
________ means transporting carbon monoxide
carboxyhemoglobin
58
When transporting carboxyhemoglobin, there is no room for ______ which leads to death
oxygen
59
_______ gives blood its red pigment
iron
60
__________ is the process of producing new red blood cells
Erythropoiesis
61
After coming from a myeloid cell, and before becoming an erythrocyte, a call must become a ___________ first.
reticulocyte
62
___________: the stage before becoming an erythrocyte
reticulocyte
63
___________ happens when there is too any reticulocytes in the blood because the blood is losing red blood cells and is trying to make more.
Reticulocytosis
64
_____ ________ levels sense and stimulate RBC production
Low oxygen
65
the hormone _______ stimulates erythropoiesis
erythropoietin
66
________ is an abnormal break down of blood
hemolysis
67
________ anemia is anemia from hemolysis
hemolytic
68
_______cell anemia is a mutation in hemoglobin, sickle cell in shape and has less room for oxygen transport
sickle
69
_________ _____ cells possess nucleus, no hemoglobin, and protect against micro organisms and remove dead cells and debris
white blood
70
__________ movement is how WBC move, and it is directed movement using pseudopods
ambeoid
71
_________ is the process of cells morphing to fit into the endothelial of cell capilaries
Diapedesis
72
_______ is the attraction toward foreign material and dead cells
chemotaxis
73
Granulocytes mean granules lack in cytoplasm (T/F)
False
74
_______ are most prevalent WBC and fight inflammatory responses and are FIRST responders at sight of injury. They are phagocytic and secrete lysosomes
Neutrophils
75
________ fight parasites, are less common, and most prevalent in calming an allergic reaction
eosinophils
76
_______ are inflammatory responses to allergies
basophils
77
_______ include T and B Calls and fight bacteria and viral infections in the body
Lymphocytes
78
_______ are macrophages that eat bacteria
monocytes
79
________ is the cessation of blood loss
Hemostasis
80
The three steps in Hemostasis
1. Vascular Spasm
2. Platelet Plug formation
3. Coagulation
81
Vascular spam includes _______ of damaged blood vessels
vasoconstriction
82
Platelet Plug formation is a temporary plug that involves 3 steps...
1. Platelet Adhesion
2. Platelet Release Reaction (chemically activated/positive feedback)
3. Platelet aggregation (where fibrinogen turns to fibrin)
83
Clot formation/Coagulation includes two pathways that merge into one, what are they?
Extrinsic and Intrinsic pathways merge to be one common pathway
84
Extrinsic pathways are on the outside of the blood stream and begin at _________ tissue
damaged
85
Intrinsic Pathways are chemical pathways that begin _______ of the blood stream
Inside
86
_________ is the enzyme that activates the change of prothrombin to thrombin
Prothombinase
87
_________ is the breaking of fibrin, the dissolving of a blood clot
Fibrinolysis
88
actin and myosin act in _________
contraction
89
______ is a blood clot in the bloodvessels
thrombus
90
A free floating blood clot is an ________
embolus
91
Clot formation can be controlled by _________ that prevents clotting factors
anticoagulants
92
______ is the name tag for the blood
antigen
93
positive Rh if Rh is absent (T/F)
False
94
the _______ are opposite of your receiving blood type
antibodies
95
________ is the binding of red blood cells to antibodies
agglutination
96
______ is binding of fiber and platelets
Clotting
97
Antibodies attack the ______ that the blood type does not have
antigen
98
________ disease of a new born is when the RBC's rupture when mother and baby have a different Rh and then the mother's RBC antibodies produce antigens against the baby's Rh.
Hemolytic
(rhoGam injection stops this)
99
Where there is clumping, there are ________
antigens
100
What is hematocrit measurement
RBCs/total blood volume (%)
101
