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Biol 215 > Cardio Vascular System: Blood Vessels Chapter 21 > Flashcards

Cardio Vascular System: Blood Vessels Chapter 21 Flashcards

(78 cards)

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1
Q

Blood Vessel Functions

A
  1. Carry blood
  2. Exchange nutrients, waste products, and gases.
  3. Transport hormones, immune system components, molecules for coagulation, enzymes, nutrients, gases, and waste products
  4. Regulates blood pressure
  5. Directs blood flow
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2
Q

arteries carried blood (toward/away) the heart

A

away

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3
Q

3 types of arteries

A

elastic and muscular arteries and arterioles

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4
Q

Capillaries

A

sight of exchange between blood stream and tissue

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5
Q

What are the 4 sub layers?

A

Tunica Intima
Endothelium
Tunica Media
Tunica Externa

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6
Q

Endothelium is ______ tissue that lines the ______ tube

A

epithelial, inner

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7
Q

Tunica intima is the internal _______ membrane, where the ________ propa is

A

elastic, lamina

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8
Q

The tunica media has ______ muscles where __________ and ________ happen

A

smooth, vasoconstriction, and vasodialation

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9
Q

The tunica external is _________ tissue that anchors and provides ________

A

connective, support

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10
Q

The order of arteries and veins from the heart

A

Elastic arteries, muscular arteries, arterioles, capillaries, venues, back to the heart

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11
Q

Which blood vessels are large, the first vessel to leave the heart, are high in pressure but expanding and recoil?

A

Elastic arteries

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12
Q

Which blood vessels have smooth muscle, distribute blood flow, and have a thick tunica media?

A

Muscular arteriesWhich

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13
Q

which blood vessels have thin tunics and have smooth muscle to adjust in diameter?

A

arterioles

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14
Q

Which blood vessels are primary sight of exchange, have only one layer of endothelium, house pre capillary cells, thin for gas exchange, and substances move through them for diffusion?

A

Capillaries

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15
Q

What are precapillary cells?

A

fibroblasts, macrophages, etc.

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16
Q

What are fenestrae?

A

Large gas where water soluble molecules can pass through

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17
Q

________ capillaries are continuous with no gaps, large proteins and molecules can’t pass through these, only things like oxygen can.

A

Continuous

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18
Q

_________ capillaries are found in the intestines, eye, choroid plexus, kidneys, and CNS. The gaps are small and in the plasma membrane to let nutrients to pass through.

A

Fenestrated

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19
Q

____________ Capillaries are found in the endocrine system, liver, bone marrow, and the spleen. Their gaps are large fenestrae, they have the ability to allow molecules to pass into the blood stream

A

Sinusoidal

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20
Q

In the capillary network, ______ ________ regulate profusion of blood through metabolic activity

A

pre capillary sphincters

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21
Q

________ channel is like the capillary bypass

A

thoroughfare

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22
Q

________ are two overlapping flaps whose function is to prevent blood flow

A

valves

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23
Q

There are (more/less) valves in veins where blood pressure is lower

A

more

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24
Q

Where blood pressure is low, blood is Brough back to the heart through the ________ ______ squeezing force

A

skeletal muscle

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25
______ _____ connects 2 capillary beds to bypass whole circulatory circuits. ex. endocrine system, digestive, and urinary system
Portal vein
26
________ ________ delivers blood to the walls of larger blood vessels by penetrating the walls
vaso vasorum
27
___________ means plaque on the walls
atherosclerosis
28
________ means change in an artery that makes them less elastic
arteriosclerosis
29
______ means strong force
pressure
30
______ means the rate at which blood is moving through the blood vessels
flow
31
_________ means opposition to blood flow
resistance
32
________ flow is a streamlines, silent flow
laminar flow
33
_______ flow is interrupted flow (indicative of pathology)
turbulent flow
34
If there is a high beginning pressure, this indicates (quick/slow) blood flow
quick
35
if the resistance is decreased, then the flow (increase/decrease)
increase
36
If the resistance increases, then the blood flow (increases/decreases)
decreases
37
If the pressure gradient increases, then the flow (increases/decreases)
increases
38
If the pressure gradient decreases, then the flow (increases/decreases)
decreases
39
What are the 3 influencing factors of resistance?
1. Blood viscosity 2. Vessel Length 3. Vessel Diameter
40
Artheroscelrosis plaque (increase/decrease) vessel diameter, causing blood flow to (increase/decrease)
decreases, increase
41
If the viscosity is increased, then the resistance is (increase/decrease), causing blood flow to increase/decrease)
increased, decrease
42
If the decrease in viscosity, then the resistance is increase/decrease), and the flow is increase/decrease)
decreased, increased
43
Viscosity is thick and requires more _______ to get through
pressure
44
Increase in vessel length causes increase/decrease) in resistance, causing (increase/decrease) blood flow
increase, decreased blood flow
45
Decrease in vessel length causes increase/decrease) in resistance causing (increase/decrease) in blood flow
decrease, increase
46
Increase in vessel diameter causes a (increase/decrease) in resistance causing a (increase/decrease) in blood flow
decrease, increase
47
Decrease in vessel diameter causes (increase/decrease) in resistance causing (increase/decrease) in blood flow
increase, decrease
48
exercising increases ____ ____ increasing ____ _____
pressure gradients, blood flow
49
You receive ___ amount of blood from the aorta during exercise
5x
50
Viscosity is influenced by _______
hematocrit
51
Higher pressure means ______ blood flow
higher
52
_______ means too many RBC and an increase in viscosity and an increase in pressure
polycythemia
53
If the diameter increases so does _____
force
54
_____ is a bulge from increasing diameter of blood vessel and can rupture from pressure increase
Aneurysm
55
____ ______ is how easily a vessel will accommodate circumstances
Vascular Compliance
56
(Veins/Arteries) are more compliant
veins
57
______ _____ _____ of a vessel is multiplied by the number of vessels for that type
cross sectional area
58
Vessel diameter (increase/decrease) total cross sectional area
increases
59
Cross sectional area (increase/decrease) viscosity and so blood flow (increase/decrease)
increases, decreases
60
Blood pressure decreases when resistance (increase/decrease)
Increases
61
Closer to the heart the blood pressure (increase/decrease) and the further away you go, the blood pressure (increase/decrease)
increases, decreases
62
Diffusion moves materials from ______ to ______
high to low
63
When materials move through capillaries they exit through the _______ end and enter through the ________ end
arteriole, venule
64
Whatever fluid leaves the capillaries and does not renter, landing on the tissues is vacuumed up by the ________ capillaries
lymphatic
65
Osmosis moves materials from ________ to _______
low to high
66
Hypostatic pressure
The physical pressure of fluid that pushes fluids out of a capillary
67
Capillary hydrostatic pressure
High on the arteriole side
68
Interstitial fluid hydrostatic pressure
pushes against CHP getting net pressure
69
Osmostic pressure pulls concentrations ____
in
70
On the arteriole end the _____ pressure moves fluids out
CHP
71
On the venous end the ______ pressure draws fluids in
BCOP
72
When the fluid gets into the tissue but can't get out, a _______ is formed
edema
73
Increase in capillary permeability means ______ leak and BCOP can't get fluid back in
proteins
74
Decreased plasma protein concentration means there is __ ______ to begin with
no plasma
75
Venous blockage fluid pushes out and _____ exceeds ____ which pulls fluid in, but it gets overrode
CHP, BCOP
76
Blockage from lymphatic vessels means left over fluid stays in ______
tissues
77
Precapillary sphincters open for _________
vasomotion
78
products of ________ open pre capillary sphincters
metabolism

Biol 215 (3 decks)

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