Cardio W2 Flashcards

1
Q

Classification for hypertensive retinopathy

A

I: narrowing of arteriole, AV ratio >1:2
II: narrowing of arteriole, AV ratio <1:2/ AV nicking
III: bilateral soft exudates or flame haemorrhages
IV: Bilateral optic nerve oedema

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2
Q

Secondary causes of hypertension

A
Hyperaldosteronism
Cushing's Syndrome
Coarction of the Aorta
Renovascular disease
Phaechromocytoma
Renal disease
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3
Q

s3

A

early diastolic low frequency filling sound
physiological in the young
sign of LV systolic dysfunction in old

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4
Q

s4

A

always pathological
blood filling against stiff LV wall
hypertension, aortic stenosis, LV hypertrophy, dilated cardiomyopathy

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5
Q

Clinical signs of hypertension

A

Loud 2nd aortic sound
4th heart sound
LV impulse
hypertensive retinopathy

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6
Q

Signs of end-organ damage

A

renal failure
hypertensive retinopathy
cerebrovascular disease- stroke
cardiovascular disease- MI, HF

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