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1st year > Cardiology > Flashcards

Cardiology Flashcards

(51 cards)

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1
Q

Symptoms and signs of endocarditis

A

Fever, malaise, weight loss, SOB, new murmur, clubbing, splinter haemorrhages, Roth spots, Janeway lesions, Oslers nodes, haematuria

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2
Q

How do you diagnose endocarditis?

A

3 sets of blood cultures

ECG

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3
Q

Treatment of IVDU endocarditis

A

Flucloxacillin IV

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4
Q

How do you treat MRSA?

A

Vancomycin IV and Rifampicin PO

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5
Q

Treatment of SVT

A

valsalva, vagal manoeuvres, adenosine, verapamil, ablation

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6
Q

AF ECG

A

narrow QRS, no P waves

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7
Q

Pulmonary oedema on x-ray

A

Batwings, Kerley B lines

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8
Q

Sign of coarctation of aorta

A

Radiofemoral delay

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9
Q

How do you diagnose PE?

A

d dimers
CXR
VQ scan

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10
Q

Treatment of cardiomyopathy

A 
ACEI/ARB
B blocker and CCB (rate)
Diuretic
Anticoagulant
Anti-arrhythmatic (amiodarone, digoxin)
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11
Q

Which type of murmurs are always pathological?

A

Diastolic

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12
Q

Cause of myocarditis

A

Coxsackie virus, flu

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13
Q

Torsades de Pointes

A

Pause in long QT then VT

over 200 bpm

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14
Q

Treatment for long QT

A

B blocker

ICD

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15
Q

Aortic stenosis

A

Ejection systolic
Bicuspid valve wear and tear
Radiates to carotids

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16
Q

Mitral regurg

A

Pansystolic
Rheumatism, endocarditis, degeneration of pulmonary valve
Displaced apex
Radiates to axilla

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17
Q

Aortic regurg

A 
Early diastolic
Endocarditis, rheumatic, marfan's, aortic dissection
Collapsing pulse, dispalced apex
Lower left sternal edge
Hold breath sitting up
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18
Q

Paroxysmal AF

A

less than 48 hours

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19
Q

Persistent AF

A

over 48 hours

Cardioverted or drugs

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20
Q

Permanent AF

A

Can’t restore NSR

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21
Q

In AF where are extra pathways?

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A

Pulmonary vein entrance

22
Q

AF ECG

Study These Flashcards
A

> 300bpm, irregularly irregular, no P waves, F waves

23
Q

WPW

Study These Flashcards
A

AF in patients with pre-excitation -> VF

Broad QRS

24
Q

How do you control heart rate?

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A

B blocker
B blocker + Digoxin
Digoxin + Verapamil

25
How do you control rhythm?
Amiodarone
26
SADCHAVS score (stroke risk in AF)
``` Sex female (1) Age 65-74 (1) Diabetes (1) Congestive HF (1) HT (1) Age over 75 (2) Vascular disease (1) Stroke (2) ```
27
HASBLED score (risk of bleeding on anticoagulation)
``` HT (1) Abnormal renal/liver (1 or 2) Stroke (1) Bleeding (1) Labile INRs (1) Elderly over 65 (1) Drugs/alcohol (1 or 2) over 3 = high risk ```
28
Atrial flutter
Atrial tachycardia Re-entry circuit in right atrium counterclockwise Saw tooth ECG, 300bpm
29
Sinus bradycardia
less than 60bpm | atropine
30
Sinus tachycardia
over 100bpm | B blocker
31
1st degree AV block
PR interval >0.2s
32
2nd degree AV block
Mobitz 1 - progressive lengthening of PR then dropped beat | Mobitz 2 - permanent pacemaker needed
33
3rd degree AV block
Complete heart block | Emergency pacemaker
34
1 small square on ECG (1mm)
0.04s
35
1 large square on ECG (5mm)
0.2s
36
How to work out the HR on ECG
Regular: 300/large squares beteween QRS Irregular: count number of QRS in 30 squares and x 10
37
Treatment of VT
cardioversion anti-arhythmics adenosine
38
Inferior MI
II, III, aVF
39
Anterior MI
V1-6
40
Anteroseptal MI
V1-4
41
Anteriolateral MI
I, aVL, V1-6
42
Virchow's triad
Stasis, hypercoagulability, endothelial injury
43
Normal ABPI
0.9-1.2
44
Essential HT
Rise in BP of unknown cause
45
How to diagnose HT
over 140/90 = ABPM to confirm (HBPM if can't tolerate)
46
Malignant HT
diastolic over 130 | Papilloedema, renal failure, HF
47
Pre-eclampsia
HT and proteinuria
48
How to calculate (regular) HR on ECG
Number of large boxes between RR | 300/no boxes
49
Where do you place leads?
``` V1: 4th ICS right sternal edge V2: 4th ICS left sternal edge V3: 5th rib V4: apex beat, 5th ICS mid clavicular line V5: anteiror axillary line V6: mid axillary line 5th ICS ```
50
How to interpret ECG
``` Patient details and date/time taken Calibration and lead positions Electrical activity? Regular or irregular? HR? P waves present? PR interval? Is each P wave followed by QRS? Duration of QRS? ```
51
How to calculate (irregular) HR on ECG
Number of QRS in 30 big squares then x 10

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