Respiratory

Question 1

Signs of bronchiolitis

Answer 1

Grunting, sternal indrawing, cough, wheeze, fever

Question 2

Cause of bronchiolitis

Answer 2

RSV

Question 3

How is epiglottitis diagnosed?

Answer 3

Chocolate agar blood culture

Question 4

Treatment for epiglottitis

Answer 4

Ceftriaxone

Question 5

CURB65

Answer 5

Confusion less than 8/10
Urea over 7
RR over 30
BP 65 years

Question 6

CURB65 0-2 points

Answer 6

Amoxicillin or Doxycyclin

Question 7

CURB65 3-5 points

Answer 7

Co-amoxiclav + Clarithromycin or Doxycyclin

Question 8

HAP severe

Answer 8

Amox Met Gen

Question 9

Diagnosis of legionnaires

Answer 9

Urinary Ag

Question 10

Pneumocystis carinii/jyroveci

Answer 10

pneumonia in AIDS patients

Co-trimoxazole

Question 11

What cells secrete surfactant?

Answer 11

Type II cells

Question 12

How to calculate pulmonary ventilation

Answer 12

TV x RR = 0.5 x 12 = 6L/min

Question 13

Respiratory pacemaker

Answer 13

Pre-Botzinger complex

Question 14

Which antibiotic for coliforms?

Answer 14

Gentamicin

Question 15

Type of T cells in asthma and COPD

Answer 15

Asthma: CD4+
COPD: CD8+

Question 16

Samter’s triad

Answer 16

Nasal polyps and recurrent infection
Asthma
Salicylate sensitivity

Question 17

Examples of type IV reaction

Answer 17

RA, T1DM, psoriasis, TB, sarcoid, transplant rejection

Question 18

Examples of type III reaction

Answer 18

SLE, farmer’s lung

Question 19

Cells in asthma vs. COPD

Answer 19

Asthma: eosinophils
COPD: neutrophils

Question 20

Chronic bronchitis

Answer 20

Sputum for 3 months, at least 2 years

Question 21

Why does emphysema occur?

Answer 21

Imbalance between protease and anti-protease

Question 22

a1 anti-trypsin deficiency

Answer 22

Emphysema and cirrhosis

Question 23

Squamous cell lung cancer secretes what hormone?

Answer 23

PTH

Question 24

Small cell lung cancer secretes what hormone?

Answer 24

ACTH

Question 25

Bronchiectasis

Answer 25

Fixed dilation of bronchi Fibrous scarring after infection Obstruction, e.g. tumour

Question 26

Pneumoconiosis

Answer 26

Mineral dust exposure, occupational fibrosis | Coal worker's lung, silicosis

Question 27

Transudate

Answer 27

low protein, HF/malnourished

Question 28

Exudate

Answer 28

high protein, pneumonia/TB/malignancy/RA

Question 29

Cor pulmonale

Answer 29

Hypoxaemic pulmonary vasoconstriction = increased afterload = RVH = RV dilation and failure

Question 30

Side effects of SABA

Answer 30

Tremor, tachycardia

Question 31

When should you do a CXR?

Answer 31

Cough >3 weeks

Question 32

Treatment for TB

Answer 32

RIPE 2 months | RE 4 months

Question 33

Side effects of TB treatment

Answer 33

``` Hepatitis (Isoniazid and Pyrazinamide) Red secretions (Rifampicin) Visual disturbance (Ethambutol) ```

Question 34

Signs of sarcoid

Answer 34

Erythema nodosum, bilateral hilar lymphadenopathy, arthritis, uveitis, fever

Question 35

Empyema

Answer 35

Pus in pleural space | D shaped opacity