Cardiology

Question 1

Postural hypotension is defined as greater than _____ mmHg drop in systolic BP and a drop of greater than ____ in diastolic BP.

Answer 1

20 systolic, 10 diastolic

Question 2

What leads represent an inferior wall MI?

Answer 2

Leads II, III, aVF

Question 3

What leads represent a lateral wall MI?

Answer 3

I, aVL, V5, and V6

Question 4

What leads represent an anterior wall MI?

Answer 4

V1-v6

Question 5

You cannot diagnose a STEMI in the presence of what 3 things?

Answer 5

LVH, LBBB, WPW

Question 6

What is prinzmetal angina?

Answer 6

chest discomfort occurs at rest

Question 7

Is EF normal in diastolic or systolic heart failure?

Answer 7

Diastolic

Question 8

Increased JVP, edema, and hepatomegaly are symptoms of right or left sided heart failure

Answer 8

Right

Question 9

what type of medication reduces preload?

Answer 9

Diuretics

Question 10

what type of medication reduces afterload?

Answer 10

ACE-inhibitors

Question 11

irregularly irregular rhythm

Answer 11

atrial fibrillation

Question 12

if a patient presents in a fib and is hemodynamically unstable, what should you do?

Answer 12

cardioversion

Question 13

“saw tooth” pattern

Answer 13

atrial flutter

Question 14

what type or heart block has a long PR interval (and nothing else)?

Answer 14

First Degree

Question 15

What type of heart block has a progressively lengthening PR interval, until it fails to produce a p wave and QRS complex.

Answer 15

Mobitz 1/Wenckebach

Question 16

What type of heart block will have a dropped QRS complex, but no lengthening of the PR interval.

Answer 16

Mobitz 2

Question 17

What type of heart block has p waves independent from the QRS complex?

Answer 17

Type 3

Question 18

What type of arrhythmia is described as HR greater than 100, regular, narrow QRS, and the patient can tell you when it starts and stops

Answer 18

Paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia

Question 19

How do we treat PSVT?

Answer 19

stable vagal maneuvers (Valsalva or carotid massage), Adenosine, or CCB

Question 20

Most ventricular arrhythmias start as a _______.

Answer 20

PVC

Question 21

What is the most common cause of Torsades de Points?

Answer 21

Hypomagnesemia, hypokalemia

Question 22

What is the most common identified arrhythmia in cardiac arrest patients?

Answer 22

Ventricular fibrillation

Question 23

if a patient is having stable, sustained v tach – what medication do we give?

Answer 23

Amiodarone

Question 24

What type of arrhythmia alternates between tachy and bradyarrhythmias?

Answer 24

Sick Sinus Syndrome

Question 25

Squatting, leg raise, hand grip will increase afterload/preload in all murmurs EXCEPT?

Answer 25

mitral valve prolapse

Question 26

What three valvular diseases cause holosystolic murmurs?

Answer 26

mitral regurg, tricupsid regurg, and VSD

Question 27

What valvular disease is often associated with rheumatic fever or heart failure?

Answer 27

Mitral regurg

Question 28

What are the two most common causes of dilated cardiomyopathy?

Answer 28

idiopathic and alcohol

Question 29

Is dilated cardiomyopathy a systolic or diastolic dysfunction?

Answer 29

Systolic

Question 30

This type of cardiomyopathy is associated with sudden death

Answer 30

hypertrophic

Question 31

Is hypertrophic cardiomyopathy a systolic or diastolic dysfunction?

Answer 31

Diastolic

Question 32

Amyloidosis, sarcoidosis, hemachromatosis, scleroderma, and metastatic cancers are all causes of what type of cardiomyopathy?

Answer 32

Restrictive

Question 33

What size AAA warrants surgery?

Answer 33

5.5cm and up

Question 34

How do we treat venous insufficiency?

Answer 34

Compression and leg elevation

Question 35

What population is at risk for developing acute infective endocarditis?

Answer 35

IV drug users

Question 36

Janeway lesions and Oslar nodes are associated with?

Answer 36

endocarditis

Question 37

The Jones Criteria is used to evaluate what?

Answer 37

Rheumatic fever

Question 38

What is Beck's triad and what is it associated with?

Answer 38

Cardiac Tamponade Low BP, distended neck veins, and muffled heart sounds

Question 39

how will pericarditis and cardiac tamponade look different on echo?

Answer 39

Pericarditis will have a pericardial effusion with NO wall motion abnormalities Tamponade will have pericardial effusion with diastolic right heart chamber collapse

Question 40

What is the gold standard for diagnosing myocarditis?

Answer 40

Endomyocardial biopsy

Question 41

What is the most common cause of right sided heart failure?

Answer 41

COPD

Question 42

What is cor pulmonale?

Answer 42

right-sided heart failure