HEENT

Question 1

Blepharitis is often associated with what skin disease?

Answer 1

Seborrheic dermatitis

Question 2

How do you treat blepharitis?

Answer 2

Warm compresses and wash eyelids with baby shampoo

Question 3

What do we call opacities of the natural lens of the eye due to progressive increase in the proportion of insoluble protein

Answer 3

Cataracts

Question 4

What are some causes of cataracts?

Answer 4

smoking, UV light exposure, trauma, DM, and steroid use

Question 5

What will you notice on PE if someone has cataracts?

Answer 5

Opacities and red reflex is lost

Question 6

What virus is viral conjunctivitis caused by?

Answer 6

adenovirus

Question 7

How does bacterial conjunctivitis typically present?

Answer 7

Copious purulent discharge – eyes may be glued shut on awakening

Question 8

How do you treat bacterial conjunctivitis?

Answer 8

Erythromycin ointment or azithro drops

Question 9

How does a corneal abrasion present?

Answer 9

Pain and foreign body sensation

Question 10

What is dacroadenitis?

Answer 10

Obstruction of the lacrimal duct

Question 11

How do we treat both entropion and ectropion?

Answer 11

Surgery

Question 12

How does open-angle glaucoma present?

Answer 12

Progressive peripheral field loss

Question 13

What is a normal intraocular pressure?

Answer 13

less than 21

Question 14

What is considered an ocular emergency?

Answer 14

Closed-angle glaucoma

Question 15

How does closed-angle glaucoma present?

Answer 15

Sudden onset of PAIN with visual changes. Headache, haloes, N/V, injected conjunctiva, with fixed pupil

Question 16

How do we treat closed-angle glaucoma?

Answer 16

emergency topical beta-blockers

Question 17

What is another for a stye?

Answer 17

Hordeolum

Question 18

degenerative disease affecting the macula

Answer 18

macular degeneration

Question 19

How does macular degeneration present?

Answer 19

central vision loss

Question 20

What is pterygium?

Answer 20

Triangular conjunctival tissue; starts nasally –> cornea

Question 21

This is most often due to trauma, diabetic retinopathy, and retinal neovascularization. Patient presents with floaters and flashers. Painless loss of vision. “curtain being drawn”

Answer 21

Retinal detachment – most common from posterior vitreous detachment

Question 22

What is the leading cause of blindness in the US?

Answer 22

Diabetic retinopathy

Question 23

How do you treat diabetic retinopathy?

Answer 23

Optimized glucose control, regulation of BP, laser photocoagulation, and vitrectomy

Question 24

What are the most common offending bacterial agents for otitis media?

Answer 24

Strep pneumo, H. influenzae, and M. catarrhalis

Question 25

Schwann cell benign tumors affecting the 8th cranial nerve

Answer 25

Acoustic neuroma

Question 26

What is the most common pathogen causing otitis externa?

Answer 26

Pseudomonas

Question 27

Inability to equalize barometic pressure on the middle ear and is associated with eustachian tube dysfunction

Answer 27

Barotrauma

Question 28

What are some peripheral causes of vestibular dysfunction? central causes?

Answer 28

peripheral: labyrinthitis, BPPV, Meniere syndrome, acoustic neuroma, and head injury central: CVA, tumors, MS, and migraine

Question 29

Are peripheral causes more likely to come on gradually or suddenly?

Answer 29

suddenly

Question 30

Dix-Hallpike maneuver is used to diagnose?

Answer 30

BPPV

Question 31

Lower range hearing loss, tinnitus, and vertigo -- think of?

Answer 31

Meniere's disease

Question 32

How do you treat Meniere's?

Answer 32

low-sodium diet and diuretics (acetazolamide)

Question 33

What are the Rinne and Weber tests?

Answer 33

i don't understand them. watch a youtube video.

Question 34

Spiking fever, postauricular pain, erythema, and a fluctuant painful mass behind the ear are symptoms of?

Answer 34

Mastoiditis

Question 35

how do you treat mastoiditis?

Answer 35

IV abx

Question 36

What are the four parts to the CENTOR criteria?

Answer 36

1. Fever 2. Tender anterior cervical lymphadenopathy 3. tonsillar swelling/exudate 4. absence of cough

Question 37

How do we treat strep?

Answer 37

Oral PCN or cefuroxime

Question 38

Whats another name for canker sores?

Answer 38

Aphthous ulcers -- round ulcers with yellow-gray centers and red halos

Question 39

What is the hallmark symptom of laryngitis?

Answer 39

hoarseness

Question 40

How do you treat Thrush?

Answer 40

oral nystatin or fluconazole

Question 41

Can thrush or leukoplakia be scraped off?

Answer 41

Thrush can, leukoplakia cannot

Question 42

Oral leukoplakia is often linked to what?

Answer 42

tobacco, alcohol, or denture use

Question 43

What are some signs of sinusitis?

Answer 43

Tenderness to palpation over the affected sinus, decreased light transmission with transillumination, and turbinate hypertrophy

Question 44

how do we treat a sinus infection?

Answer 44

Augmentin

Question 45

What is Samter's triad?

Answer 45

asthma, nasal polyps, and ASA intolerance

Question 46

What is the treatment of choice for nasal polyps?

Answer 46

3 month course of topical nasal corticosteroids