Cardiology Flashcards
(29 cards)
Egg on a String
CXR for TGA
Boot
TOF (RVH)
Snowman
TAPVR
Giant heart
Ebstein’s Anomaly
Two tests for cyanotic heart lesions
Pre-post ductal saturations
Hyperoxia test
Hyperoxia test
ABG in room air, then repeated after placed on 100% FiO2 for 10 min - if PaO2 >80, unlikely to be cyanotic congenital heart disease
3 sign
Coarctation of Aorta on CXR
Signs of PDA
Continuous murmur
Pulmonary edema
Wide pulse pressure
Bounding pulses
Risks of PDA in preterm infants
NEC
Renal injury
Myocardial ischemia
Components required for PDA closure
Absence of Prostaglandins
Smooth muscle
Platelets
Murmur of PDA
Continuous murmur
LUSB
Machine like
Treatment of PDAs
Indomethacin - risk of NEC, SIP, bleeding (do not use in thrombocytopenia, IVH, intracranial hypertension)
Ibuprofen - monitor renal function
Acetaminophen -monitor liver function
ASD murmur
Systolic ejection murmur
LUSB
Wide fixed split S2
Commonest type of ASD
Secundum
Natural history of ASD
Most will close spontaneously by 8 years of age
5-10% of patients will develop pulmonary hypertension over time due to increased pulmonary blood flow
Types of VSDs
Membranous/peri-membranous (70%)
Muscular (5-20%)
Inlet/AV canal type VSD (5-8%)
Supracristal/infundibular (5-7%)
Most common congenital heart disease
Bicuspid aortic valve
Most common cyanotic congenital heart disease
TOF
VSD murmur
Holosystolic, LLSB
If defect close to aortic or tricuspid valves, can lead to insufficiency and other murmurs
Bicuspid aortic valve auscultation
Midsystolic ejection click +/- murmur if stenosis/insufficiency present
Late sequelae of BAV (2)
Aortic root dilatation
Aortic dissection
Natural history of BAV
Valvular calcification and stenosis
Valvular degradation and insufficiency
Aortic root dilatation/dissection
Important long term management/surveillance of BAV
Serial echo - assess aortic root, function of valve
Strict hypertension control
Genetic association with CoA
Turner syndrome (30%)
