Cardiology

Question 1

Which cardiovascular biomarker can be referred to as a “leakage marker” because it is released from dead or dying cells?

1. Adrenomedullin
2. C-Reactive protein
3. Inducible Nitric Oxide (iNO)
4. Troponin I

Answer 1

4. Troponin I

Adrenomedullin: vasoactive peptide that is increased in patients that are volume overloaded.
C-RP: acute phase protein, produced by liver
iNO: vasodilator, with antimicrobial and anti-tumor effect

Question 2

Which cardiac tissues have pacemaker proprieties?

1. The sinoatrial node and atrioventricular node
2. The sinoatrial node, atrioventricular node and His-Purkinje system
3. The sinoatrial node, atrioventricular tissue and ventricular myocardium
4. The sinoatrial node

Answer 2

The sinoatrial node, atrioventricular node and His-Purkinje system

Question 3

Which of the following is the most likely explanation for a loud left basilar systolic murmur?

1. Mitral valve disease
2. PDA
3. Pulmonic stenosis
4. Ventricular septum defect

Answer 3

3. Pulmonic stenosis

Question 4

Which drug can be used to suppress malignant ventricular arrhythmias but may be associated with liver toxicity?

1. Amiodarone
2. Carvediol
3. Diltiazem
4. Sotalol

Answer 4

1. Amiodarone

Question 5

Which systemic abnormality can cause atrial fibrillation?

1. Digoxin toxicity
2. Hypokalaemia
3. Hypothyroidism
4. Severe anaemia

Answer 5

3. Hypothyroidism