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Infectiology Flashcards

1
Q

Brucellosis: which of the following clinical findings is not typical by brucellosis by humans after transmission from animals?

a) Undulant fever
b) Nonspecific signs of headache and weakness
c) Endocarditis
d) Neurological signs

A

d) Neurological signs

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2
Q

Which of the following continents is not affected by brucellosis in dogs?

a) Europe
b) Australia
c) America
d) Africa

A

b) Australia

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3
Q

The blood borne bacteremia of Brucellosis can infect… What’s wrong?

a) The kidneys
b) The liver
c) Intervertebral disks
d) Anterior uvea of the eye

A

b) The liver

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4
Q

Tetanus – classification. What’s true?

a) Dogs with autonomic signs independent of ambulatory status: class III
b) Normal gait, hypersensitivity to noise, light, or touch: class II
c) Recumbent dogs with tonic muscle contractions, fasciculations, spasms or seizures, and typical head involvement: class III
d) Stiff gait, hypersensitivity to noise, light, or touch: class I

A

c) Recumbent dogs with tonic muscle contractions, fasciculations, spasms or seizures, and typical head involvement: class III

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5
Q

Ettingers treatment of choice for brucella?

a) 90 days course of antibiotics
b) Several courses of antibiotics over 1 month, repeated several times
c) Euthanasia
d) It’s a self-limiting disease. No therapy required.

A

c) Euthanasia

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6
Q

Splenomegaly in brucella, why?

a) Granulomatous reaction
b) Congestion following endocarditis
c) Lympho-plasmacellular inflammation

A

a) Granulomatous reaction

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7
Q

Tetanus: (what’s wrong?)

a) Cats are 7200 times less susceptible to tetanus than horses
b) Dogs are 600 times less susceptible to tetanus than horses
c) Differences in susceptibility to tetanus are explaines by species differences in polyganglioside surface receptors on peripheral nerve endings
d) Cats are less susceptible to tetanus, but if once infected, they die quickly following generalised spasms

A

d) Cats are less susceptible to tetanus, but if once infected, they die quickly following generalised spasms

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8
Q

Prevention of tetanus in dogs… which one is the reason only one is not right:

a) Vaccination
b) Rational antibiotic therapy
c) Appropriate care of infected wounds
d) Strict sterilization procedures

A

a) Vaccination

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9
Q

Brucellosis – what is true?

a) There are 5 species of Brucella that can infect dogs
b) B. canis is a gram-positiv bacteria
c) Granulomatous reactions typically occur in the liver
d) There is a particular prevalence for brucellosis in the rural southeastern United States

A

d) There is a particular prevalence for brucellosis in the rural southeastern United States

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10
Q

Brucellosis – what’s wrong?

a) Bacteriemia occurs 3 weeks post exposure
b) Brucella can be excreted via urin
c) Fever is a common symptom of Brucellosis
d) B. canis targets androgen-dependent organs in the male

A

c) Fever is a common symptom of Brucellosis

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11
Q

Tetanus – what’s wrong?

a) Cats are more resistant to tetanus toxins than dogs
b) Toxigenic Clostridium strains produce tetanospasmin and tetanolysin
c) Metronidazol and Ampicillin are the antimicrobial therapy of choice
d) The clinical picture of Tetanus is the result of loss of inhibition of a-motor firing

A

c) Metronidazol and Ampicillin are the antimicrobial therapy of choice

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12
Q

Brucellosis - what is correct?

a) fever is a very common clinical sign in canine brucellosis, because the bacteria have lots of lipopolysaccharides
b) the four species of brucella that infect dogs are: canis, abortus, melitensis, ovis
c) the RSAT (rapid slide agglutiantion test) is considered to show low sensitivity and high specifity
d) Brucella canis targets androgen - dependent organs

A

d) Brucella canis targets androgen - dependent organs

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13
Q

Tetanus - what is correct?

a) all toxigenic strains produce two toxins: a neurotoxin and a hemolysin
b) the H - chain of the tetanospasmin acts as a zinc dependent protease that specifically cleaves vehicle - associated membrane protein
c) the L - chain of tetanospasmin has a high affinity to ganglioside surface receptors on neurmomuscular endplates
d) localized tetanus is more common in dogs than in cats

A

a) all toxigenic strains produce two toxins: a neurotoxin and a hemolysin

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14
Q

An 8 year old male neutered cat is presented to you because the owner is concerned about the cat’s recent weight loss. The cat is a fighter and a hunter. On clinical examination you notice some white flecks in the front of the right eye and an irregular right pupil margin. Additionally the cat has moderate stomatitis on oral examination. The cat’s body condition score is 3/9. Which of the following pathogens is MOST LIKELY to be responsible for the cat’s clinical signs?

  1. Feline coronavirus (feline infectious peritonitis)
  2. Feline immunodeficiency virus
  3. Feline leukemia virus
  4. Toxoplasma gondii
A
  1. Feline immunodeficiency virus
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15
Q

What is the standard for Acute leptospira diagnosis?

  1. IFA/ELISa Abs
  2. Culture
  3. Microscopy agglutination test
  4. PCR
A

PCR,Has a sensitivity to detect serovars in the first 5 days of infection of up to 90%, (88% for IgM immunoblot assay and 2% for MAT)

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16
Q

In pulmonary hemorrhagic syndrome associated with leptospirosis, which is the underlying mechanism:

  1. Vasculitis
  2. Pulmonary infiltration from inflammatory cells
  3. Is associated with leptospira serovars of increased virulence
  4. All of the above
A

All of the above

17
Q

What is the mechanism behind the isosthenuria and PU/PD seen by leptospirosis?

  1. Syndrome of innapropriate release of ADH
  2. Calcification of the renal tubules and decreased reabsorption
  3. Increased arterial blood pressure which causes increase of the renal GFR and increased diuresis
  4. Decrease in the sensitivity of the ADH on V2R receptors on the renal tubules
A

Decrease in the sensitivity of the ADH on V2R receptors on the renal tubules

18
Q

The Felv retrovirus is:

  1. Double standed DNA non enveloped
  2. Double stranded RNA enveloped
  3. Single stranded RNA enveloped
  4. Single stranded DNA non enveloped
A

Single stranded RNA enveloped

19
Q

What is the name of the enveloped protein in the FelV and FIV viruses?

  1. gp70 and gp 41
  2. gp 07 and gp 14
  3. p27 and p15
  4. c-MPLa and spike protein
A

gp70 and gp 41

20
Q

Which one of the following statements about serologic testing for heartworm disease (Dirofilariasis) is WRONG?

  1. Antibody testing is the test of choice for diagnosing heartworm disease in cats.
  2. Antigen testing is more sensitive than microfilarial concentration tests in dogs.
  3. Circulating antigen is generally undetectable until 6 to 7 months following infection in dogs.
  4. In dogs, a positive antigen test 12 weeks after treatment with adulticide is indicative of treatment
    failure.
A
  1. Antibody testing is the test of choice for diagnosing heartworm disease in cats. Antibodies test is not been mentioned.
  2. ELISA antigen concentration typically falls to undetectable levels 8 to 12 weeks after successful adulticide therapy, so a positive test persisting beyond 12 weeks post-therapy has been suggested to indicate persistent infection

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