Cardiology Cram Flashcards
(23 cards)
What is the preferred treatment for a pregnant woman with SVT?
Metoprolol is best for treating SVT in pregnant women, but treatment is rare and only considered if symptoms are frequent and do not respond to conservative measures.
What does BNP indicate?
BNP is released by cardiac ventricles in response to stretch.
What is associated with right atrial myxoma?
Right atrial myxoma is associated with right-sided heart disease, pulmonary embolism, and constitutional symptoms.
Is antibiotic prophylaxis needed for rheumatic disease or valve replacement?
Antibiotic prophylaxis is not needed if there is rheumatic disease or valve replacement.
What are the heart sounds associated with LBBB?
LBBB presents with a soft S1 and reversed splitting of the second heart sound.
What is the heart sound characteristic of aortic stenosis?
Aortic stenosis presents with an ejection systolic murmur that radiates to the carotids and has a reversed split of S2.
What is the heart sound associated with HOCM?
HOCM presents with a systolic murmur that increases on inspiration, worsens with Valsalva, and improves with squatting.
What is the characteristic murmur of mitral regurgitation?
Mitral regurgitation presents with a pan-systolic murmur that radiates to the left axilla.
What does aortic regurgitation sound like?
Aortic regurgitation presents as an early diastolic murmur, loudest in the aortic region, louder on expiration, and high-pitched.
What is the murmur associated with mitral stenosis?
Mitral stenosis presents with a mid-late diastolic murmur with an opening snap, best heard in the left lateral position.
What is the ECG characteristic of J waves?
J waves are indicative of hypothermia and appear as a hump in the terminal portion of the QRS.
What are the contraindications for Amiloride?
Amiloride is contraindicated in Addison’s disease, hyperkalemia, anuria, and hyponatremia.
What is the ECG manifestation of De Winter Pattern?
De Winter Pattern includes upsloping ST depression at J-point > 1 mm in precordial leads, tall symmetrical T waves in precordial leads, absence of ST elevation in precordial leads, and slight ST segment elevation in aVR.
What defines ventricular trigeminy?
Ventricular trigeminy occurs when PVCs happen every third beat, characterized by a premature QRS complex that is abnormal in shape and exceeds 120ms.
What follows a PVC?
A PVC can be followed by a compensatory pause, a noncompensatory pause, no pause, or a ventricular echo.
What are the ECG characteristics of left ventricular outflow tract tachycardia?
LVOT VT is suggested by LBBB morphology with inferior axis and small R-waves in V1, or RBBB morphology with inferior axis and S-wave in V6.
What is P mitrale?
P mitrale is indicated by a broad, bifid P wave in lead II with > 40 ms between peaks and a total P wave duration > 110 ms.
What are the ECG features of biventricular pacing?
Biventricular pacing shows a large Q wave or QS complex in lead I, QS complex in leads V5-V6, and a tall R wave in lead V1.
What is a ventricular couplet?
A ventricular couplet consists of two consecutive premature ventricular complexes.
What are the ECG characteristics of a couplet?
A couplet shows a premature QRS complex that is abnormal in shape and duration, usually exceeding 120ms.
What are the ECG manifestations of subarachnoid hemorrhage?
Subarachnoid hemorrhage can present with ST-segment elevations or depressions, widespread giant T wave inversions, large U waves, prolonged QT interval, and rhythm disturbances.
What should be done if hyperkalemia causes immediate arrhythmia?
If hyperkalemia leads to immediate arrhythmia, you must cardiovert the patient before correcting the potassium.
