Cardiology Disorders & Diseases

Question 1

Altered state of consciousness due to decreased blood flow to the brain

Answer 1

Adam-Stokes syndrome

Question 2

localised abnormal dilation of a vessel/artery caused by weakness in arterial wall or breakdown of wall due to atherosclerosis

Answer 2

aneurysm

Question 3

suffocating chest pain occurring in anterior chest

Answer 3

angina (aka angina pectoris/precordial chest pain)

Question 4

narrowing of the lumen in the aorta; passage of blood from left ventricle to aorta is impeded

Answer 4

aortic stenosis

Question 5

variation from normal heartbeat rhythm

Answer 5

arrhythmia

Question 6

hardening of arteries; usually in aorta, coronary, or cerebral arteries

Answer 6

arteriosclerosis

Question 7

accumulation of serous fluid in peritoneal cavity

Answer 7

ascites

Question 8

heart effective rate reduced 30%; however venous pressure will continue to force blood into ventricles

Answer 8

atrial fibrillation

Question 9

atria contracts 2-3x more than ventricular contractions; due to dilation of atria due to diseased valve

Answer 9

atrial flutter

Question 10

AV bundle becomes damaged or impulses are depressed

Answer 10

atrioventricular (AV) heart block

Question 11

low heart rate (<60 bpm)

Answer 11

bradycardia

Question 12

abnormal sound of heart or main arteries between normal heartbeats. result of turbulence

Answer 12

bruit / murmur

Question 13

any heart disease not caused by impairment of coronary circulation and ischemia

Answer 13

cardiomyopathy

Question 14

pain and weakness in a lower extremity with exertion but not at rest

Answer 14

claudication

Question 15

constriction, stricture, or stenosis

Answer 15

coarctation

Question 16

failure of heart to supply adequate amount of blood to organs/tissues. blood accumulates in lungs (left side CHF) or abdominal organs (right side CHF)

Answer 16

congestive heart failure (CHF)

Question 17

results from atherosclerosis, arteries become occluded - causes blood regurgitation in arteries and lack of blood to heart

Answer 17

coronary artery disease (CAD)

Question 18

blue skin

Answer 18

cyanosis

Question 19

profuse sweating

Answer 19

diaphoresis

Question 20

difficulty breathing

Answer 20

dyspnea

Question 21

heartbeat originated from impulse other than SA node

Answer 21

ectopic beat

Question 22

swelling

Answer 22

edema

Question 23

blood clots that move around vascular system

Answer 23

emboli

Question 24

rapid heartbeat (+350 bpm) with uncoordinated contracts; heart cannot contract as whole so cannot pump blood

Answer 24

fibrillation

Question 25

transmission of action potential becomes delayed or blocked

Answer 25

heart block

Question 26

high bp (above 140/90)

Answer 26

hypertension

Question 27

high cholesterol in blood

Answer 27

hypercholesterolemia

Question 28

infection of endocardium

Answer 28

infective endocarditis

Question 29

local and temporary deficiency of blood supply

Answer 29

ischemia

Question 30

cusps of mitral valve prolapse into left atrium during systole

Answer 30

mitral valve prolapse

Question 31

heart attack - no blood supply to heart

Answer 31

myocardial infarction

Question 32

open, unobstructed

Answer 32

patent

Question 33

pinpoint hemorrhages found on skin or palate of mouth

Answer 33

petechiae

Question 34

inflammation of vein wall

Answer 34

phlebitis

Question 35

ductus arteriosus duct between aorta+pulmonary artery remains open after birth

Answer 35

patent ductus arteriosus

Question 36

scraping sound heart with each heartbeat; associated with pericarditis

Answer 36

pericardial rub

Question 37

blockage of arteries in lower extremities, usually femoral/popliteal arteries

Answer 37

peripheral vascular disease

Question 38

blood clot in the pulmonary circulation

Answer 38

pulmonary embolism

Question 39

fingers/toes throb and turn whitish due to vasospasms

Answer 39

raynaud syndrome

Question 40

complication of streptococcal infection which can cause heart disease - inflammation of heart, scarring

Answer 40

rheumatic fever

Question 41

small holes in septum

Answer 41

septal defect

Question 42

fainting

Answer 42

syncope

Question 43

fast heart rate (>100 bpm)

Answer 43

tachycardia

Question 44

congenital malformation of heart defined by 4 defects; pulmonary artery stenosis, ventricular septal defect, hypertrophy of right ventricle, and aorta is over interventricular septum

Answer 44

tetralogy of Fallot

Question 45

4 defects of tetralogy of fallot

Answer 45

pulmonary artery stenosis, ventricular septal defect, hypertrophy of right ventricle, and aorta is over interventricular septum

Question 46

vibration felt on palpation of chest

Answer 46

thrill

Question 47

clot forming in vein wall

Answer 47

thrombophlebitis

Question 48

blood unable to be pumped into artery; can result in death

Answer 48

ventricular fibrillation