Chapter 2- BODY AS A WHOLE LoM

Question 1

Anabolism

Answer 1

The process of building up large proteins from small protein pieces called amino acids

Question 2

Catabolism

Answer 2

The process whereby complex nutrients are broken down to simpler substances and energy is released

Question 3

Cell membrane

Answer 3

Structure surrounding and protecting the cell. It determines what enters and what leaves

Question 4

Chromosomes

Answer 4

Rod-shaped structures in the nucleus that contain regions of DNA called genes. There are 46 chromosomes (23 pairs) in every cell except for egg and sperm cell

Question 5

Cytoplasm

Answer 5

All of the material that is outside the nucleus and yet contained within the cell membrane

Question 6

DNA

Answer 6

Chemical found within each chromosome. Arranged like a sequence of recipes in code, it directs the activities of the cell

Question 7

Endoplasmic reticulum

Answer 7

Network of canals within the cytoplasm of the cell. Here, large proteins are made from smaller protein pieces.

Question 8

Genes

Answer 8

Regions of DNA within each chromosome

Question 9

Karyotype

Answer 9

Picture of chromosomes in the nucleus of the cell. The chromosomes are arranged in numerical order to determine their number and structure.

Question 10

Metabolism

Answer 10

Total of the chemical processes in a cell.

Question 11

Mitochondria

Answer 11

Rod-shaped structures in the cytoplasm that provide the principal source of energy for the cell. Catabolism occurs in mitochondria.

Question 12

Digestive organs

Answer 12

Mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, intestines, liver, gallbladder, pancreas

Question 13

Urinary or excretory

Answer 13

Kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, urethra

Question 14

Respiratory

Answer 14

Nose, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchial tubes, lungs

Question 15

Reproductive

Answer 15

Female: ovaries, fallopian tubes, uterus, vagina, mammary glands

Male: testes and associated tubes, urethra, penis, prostate gland

Question 16

Endocrine

Answer 16

Thyroid gland (in the neck), pituitary gland (base of brain), sex glands, adrenal glands, pancreas, parathyroid glands

Question 17

Nervous organs

Answer 17

Brain, spinal cord, nerves, collection of nerves

Question 18

Circulatory organs

Answer 18

Heart, blood vessels (arteries, veins, capillaries), lymphatic vessels and nodes, spleen, thymus gland

Question 19

Musculoskeletal

Answer 19

Muscles, bones and joints

Question 20

Skin and sense organs

Answer 20

Skin, hair, nails, sweat glands, sebaceous glands; eye, ear, nose and tongue

Question 21

Adipose tissue

Answer 21

Collection of fat cells

Question 22

Cartilage

Answer 22

Flexible connective tissue often attached to bones at joints

Question 23

Epithelial cells

Answer 23

Skin cells that cover the outside of the body and line internal surfaces of organs

Question 24

histologist

Answer 24

specialist in the study of tissues

Question 25

larynx

Answer 25

voice box; located above the trachea

Question 26

pharynx

Answer 26

throat

Question 27

pituitary gland

Answer 27

endocrine gland at the base of the brain

Question 28

thyroid gland

Answer 28

endocrine gland that surrounds the trachea in the neck

Question 29

trachea

Answer 29

windpipe

Question 30

ureter

Answer 30

one of two tubes, each leading from a single kidney to the bladder

Question 31

urethra

Answer 31

tube from the urinary bladder to the outside of the body

Question 32

uterus

Answer 32

womb; the organ that holds the embryo/fetus as it deveoops

Question 33

viscera

Answer 33

internal organs in the main cavities of the body, especially in the abdomen

Question 34

Abdominal cavity

Answer 34

Space below the chest containing liver, stomach etc

Question 35

Cranial cavity

Answer 35

Space in the head containing the brain

Question 36

Diaphragm

Answer 36

Muscle separating the abdominal and thoracic cavities

Question 37

Dorsal

Answer 37

Pertaining to the back

Question 38

Mediastinum

Answer 38

Centrally located space outside of and between the lungs

Question 39

Pelvic cavity

Answer 39

Space below the abdomen containing portions of the intestines, rectum, urinary bladder, and reproductive organs

Question 40

peritoneum

Answer 40

Double-folded membrane surrounding the abdominal cavity

Question 41

Pleura

Answer 41

Double folded membrane surrounding each lung

Question 42

Pleural caviry

Answer 42

Space between the pleural layers

Question 43

Spinal cavity

Answer 43

Space within spinal column containing the spinal cord

Question 44

Thoracic cavity

Answer 44

Space in the chest containing the heart, lungs, bronchial tubes, trachea, esophagus, and other organs

Question 45

Hypochondriac region

Answer 45

Right and left upper region beneath ribs

Question 46

Epigastric region

Answer 46

Middle upper region above the stomach

Question 47

Lumbar

Answer 47

Right and left middle regions near the waist

Question 48

Umbilical

Answer 48

Central region near the navel

Question 49

Inguinal

Answer 49

Left and right lower regions near the groin (iliac regions)

Question 50

Hypogastric

Answer 50

Middle lower region below umbilical region

Question 51

Abdominopelvic quadrants

Answer 51

RUQ, LUQ, RLQ, LLQ

Question 52

Divisions of the back

Answer 52

``` Cervical (neck, C1-C7) Thoracic (chest, T1-T12) Lumbar (Loin, L1-L5) Sacral (sacrum, S1-S5) Coccygeal (coccyx / tailbone) ```

Question 53

Spinal column

Answer 53

Bone tissue surrounding spinal cavity

Question 54

Spinal cord

Answer 54

Nervous tissue within spinal cavity

Question 55

Anterior (ventral)

Answer 55

Front side of the body

Question 56

Deep

Answer 56

Away from the surface

Question 57

Distal

Answer 57

Far from point of attachment to the trunk or far from beginning of a structure

Question 58

Frontal (Coronal) plane

Answer 58

Vertical plane dividing the body or structure into anterior and posterior positions

Question 59

Inferior

Answer 59

Below another structure; pertaining to lower part of the body

Question 60

Lateral

Answer 60

Pertaining to the side

Question 61

Medial

Answer 61

Pertaining to the middle or near the medial plane or th body

Question 62

Posterior (dorsal)

Answer 62

Back surface of the body

Question 63

Prone

Answer 63

Lying on the belly

Question 64

Proximal

Answer 64

Near the point of attachment to the trunk or near the beginning of a structure

Question 65

Sagittal or lateral plane

Answer 65

Lengthwise, vertical plane dividing body into left and right side

Question 66

Superficial

Answer 66

On the surface

Question 67

Superior (cephalic)

Answer 67

Above another structure; pertaining to the head

Question 68

Supine

Answer 68

Lying on the back

Question 69

Transverse (axial) plane

Answer 69

Horizontal cross section plane dividing the body into upper and lower portions