Cardiology Intro

Question 1

when is it best to shock someone? (cardioversion)

Answer 1

during a heart beat

Question 2

where do inferior heart attacks originate from?

Answer 2

right coronary artery

Question 3

atrial flutter beats a minute?

Answer 3

50 beats a minute

Question 4

Paroxysmal supraventricle tachycardia

Answer 4

QRS narrow (going through normal conduction system), coming from above AV node
no flutter
starts and stops
younger individual

Question 5

ventricular tachycardia

Answer 5

start in bottom chamber

QRS wide

Question 6

where will edema be in signs of right heart failure

Answer 6

legs and sacrum
liver
spleen
ascites

Question 7

valve closure sound S1

Answer 7

mitral and tricuspid components

• mitral is louder
• enhanced by positive inotropic states
• reduced by closure end diastolic leaflets

Question 8

valve closure Sound S2

Answer 8

aortic and pulmonic

Question 9

what does a split S2 mean?

Answer 9

pulmonic delay due to increased ejection time with increased filling

Question 10

when is S2 louder?

Answer 10

hypertension

pulmonary and systemic

Question 11

fixed splitting of S2

Answer 11

hear during expiration (no split should be heard)

• RBBB
• left to right shunt
• pulmonary outflow tract obstruction

Question 12

what murmur causes elderly to pass out?

Answer 12

crescendo/decrescendo at the RSB

Question 13

paradoxical splitting S2

Answer 13

splitting normally occurs during inspiration (not during expiration)
paradoxical is opposite: are heard on expiration

b/c of: LBBB, aortic stenosis (prolonged ejection), patent ductus (increased LV stroke voluem)

Question 14

APTM

Answer 14

Aortic, pulmonary, tricuspid, mitral

Question 15

diastolic murmur at RSB

Answer 15

aortic valve

-aortic insufficiency

Question 16

holosystolic murmur at the apex

Answer 16

mitral regurgiation

Question 17

crescendo/decrescendo at the RSB

Answer 17

aortic stenosis

congestive heart failure

Question 18

diastolic rumble

Answer 18

mitral valve stenosis

Question 19

post-MI pericarditis

Answer 19

-dressler syndrome
intense inflammatory reaction going on around on his heart
-colchizine, want to do a echocardiogram
-aspirin, maybe steroids

Question 20

loud A-V valve opening sounds

Answer 20

A-V stenosis

Question 21

early systole

Answer 21

sounds like a split S1

-associated with dilation of aorta or pulmonary artery, vessel disease or valve disease

Question 22

digoxin

Answer 22

acts on AV node

Question 23

amiodarone

Answer 23

anti-rhythmic

supra-ventricular and ventricle defects

Question 24

ventricular filling sounds

Answer 24

Atrial gallop: S4
early diastolic gallop: S3
summation gallop: S3+S4

Question 25

what does a loud S4 mean?

Answer 25

resistance to ventricular filling (decreased LV compliance)

Question 26

two kinds of systolic murmur

Answer 26

systolic ejection | pansystolic murmur

Question 27

reasons for systolic ejection murmur

Answer 27

``` valve stenosis increased ejection rate valve damage without stenosis vessel dilation combinations all those silence during isometric contraction ```

Question 28

murmur gets louder when stand up (with decreased venous return)

Answer 28

obstructive hypertrophic miocardiopathy murmur

Question 29

systolic ejection murmur occur with

Answer 29

increased flow in: - ASD - anomalous venous return - pregnancy - anemia - thyroid disease - heart block - aortic insufficiency

Question 30

pansystolic regurgitant murmurs

Answer 30

- mitral or tricuspid regurgitation - VSD - Patent ductus

Question 31

innocent systolic murmurs

Answer 31

- in children | - often with chest deformity

Question 32

diastolic murmurs: ventricular filling murmurs

Answer 32

- A-V stenosis - A-V disease without stenosis - increased A-V flow

Question 33

diastolic murmurs: regurgitant murmurs

Answer 33

-incompetent aortic or pulmonary valves

Question 34

diastolic murmurs: continuous murmurs

Answer 34

- constant venous hum - patent ductus arteriosus - aortopulmonary spetal defect - A-V fistula