Cardiomyopathies Flashcards
What are the main causes of dilated cardiomyopathy?
Idiopathic
Myocarditis
Inherited
What’s the main inherited mutation in dilated cardiomyopathy?
Autosomal dominant
What’s the pathophysiology of dilated cardiomyopathy?
• Dilated heart leading to predominately systolic dysfunction
• All 4 chambers are dilated, but the left ventricle more so than right ventricle
What features are seen in dilated cardiomyopathy? (4)
• Classic findings of heart failure
• Systolic murmur: stretching of the valves may result in mitral and tricuspid regurgitation
• S3
• ‘Balloon’ appearance of the heart on the chest x-ray
What is the pathophysioligy of arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy?
• The right ventricular myocardium is replaced by fatty and fibrofatty tissue
What is the inherited mutation pattern in arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy?
Autosomal dominant
What is the presentation of arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy? (3)
• Palpitations
• Syncope
• Sudden cardiac death
What ecg abnormalities are seen in arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy?
ECG abnormalities in V1-3, typically T wave inversion. An epsilon wave is found in about 50% of those with ARV - this is best described as a terminal notch in the QRS complex
What imaging is used in arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy and what does it show?
MRI
Fibrofatty tissue
What is the management of arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy?
• Drugs: sotalol is the most widely used antiarrhythmic
• Catheter ablation to prevent ventricular tachycardia
• Implantable cardioverter-defibrillator
What is takotsubo cardiomyopathy?
type of non-ischaemic cardiomyopathy associated with a transient, apical ballooning of the myocardium.
• Rapid onset of left ventricular dysfunction and weakness
What is takotsubo cardiomyopathy usually triggered by?
Stress
What are the features of takotsubo cardiomyopathy? (2)
Chest pain
Feautures of heart failure
What is seen on an ecg in takotsubo cardiomyopathy?
ST elevation
What is the management of takotsubo cardiomyopathy?
Supportive
