Cardiomyopathies Flashcards
(22 cards)
What are cardiomyopathies?
A group of disorders that impair normal myocardial function and may result in inappropriate ventricular dilatation, hypertrophy, or stiffness; heart failure and cardiovascular death are potential complications.
Describe Dilated cardiomyopathy.
Characterized by progressive ventricular chamber enlargement with impaired systolic contractile function, often leading to symptomatic heart failure, ventricular arrythmias, and/or embolic complications.
What is the etiology of dilated cardiomyopathy?
- genetic
- inflammatory
- toxic
- metabolic
- peripartum
What are the symptoms of dilated cardiomyopathy?
- fatigue
- weakness
- dyspnea
- orthopnea
- PND
What is found on physical exam with dilated cardiomyopathy?
- pulmonary crackles
- S3 if RV failure present
- JVD
- hepatomegaly
- peripheral edema
What is the cardiac size with dilated cardiomyopathy?
Enlarged
What are the findings on an echocardiogram with dilated cardiomyopathy?
- dilated, poorly contractile LV
What are the treatments for dilated cardiomyopathy?
- salt restriction and diuretics
- vasodilator therapy with and ACE inhibitor
- ARB
- beta-blocker
What is hypertrophic cardiomyopathy?
Characterized by an abnormally thickened ventricular wall with abnormal diastolic relaxation but usually intact systolic function; dynamic LV outflow tract obstruction during systole may be present. Ventricular arrythmias in HCM may lead to sudden cardiac death.
What is the etiology of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy?
Genetic
What are the symptoms of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy?
- dyspnea
- exertional angina
- syncope
What is found on physical exam with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy?
- S4 if outflow obstruction present
- systolic murmur loudest at the left sternal border
- mitral regurgitation
What is the cardiac size with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy?
Normal or enlarged
What is the finding on echocardiogram with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy?
- LV hypertrophy, often more pronounced at the septum
- systolic anterior movement of MV with mitral regurgitation
What is the treatment for hypertrophic cardiomyopathy?
- beta-blockers
- L-type calcium channel antagonists
What is restrictive cardiomyopathy?
Characterized by an abnormally stiffened myocardium (because of fibrosis or an infiltrative process) leading to impaired diastolic relaxation, but systolic contractile function is typically normal or near normal; symptoms of heart failure are typical.
What is the etiology of restrictive cardiomyopathy?
- amyloidosis
- genetic
What are the symptoms of restrictive cardiomyopathy?
- dyspnea
- fatigue
What is the finding on physical exam of restrictive cardiomyopathy?
- predominantly signs of RV failure
- JVD
- hepatomegaly
- peripheral edema
What is the cardiac size with restrictive cardiomyopathy?
Usually normal
What is the finding on echocardiogram with restrictive cardiomyopathy?
- usually normal systolic contraction
- myocardium may have enhanced echogenicity in infiltrative disorders
What is the treatment for restrictive cardiomyopathy?
- salt restriction and cautious use of diuretics
- anticoagulants
- in the case of primary amyloidosis, antineoplastic therapy prolongs survival
