Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Cardiovascular System > Cardiomyopathy, Myocarditis and Pericarditis > Flashcards

Cardiomyopathy, Myocarditis and Pericarditis Flashcards

(52 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

Dilated cardiomyopathy

A

Dilation of the heart chambers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Aetiology of dilated cardiomyopathy

A

Genetic and familial DCM
Inflammatory, infectious, autoimmune, postpartum
Toxic - drugs, exogenous chemicals, endocrine
Injury, cell loss, scar replacement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Dilated cardiomyopathy often results in

A

Thrombosis in chambers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Causes of dilated cardiomyopathy that are reversible to some degree

A 
Alcohol
Endocrine
Tropical disease
Post partum
Haemaochromatosis
Sarcoid
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Symptoms of dilated cardiomyopathy

A 
Dyspnoea, orthopnoea, paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnoea
Fatigue
Ankle swelling
Weight gain of fluid overload
Cough
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Examination findings of dilated cardiomyopathy

A 
Poor superficial perfusion
Shortness of breath at rest
Narrow pulse pressure
JVP elevated
Pulmonary oedema 
Ankle oedema
Displaced apex
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Investigation of dilated cardiomyopathy

A 
ECG
Chest x-ray
N terminal pro Brain Natriuetic Peptide
Echo
Bloods - FBC, U+E
Coronary angiogram
CMRI
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

General measures in treatment for dilated cardiomyopathy

A 
Correct anaemia and any endocrine disturbance
Reduce fluid and salt intake
Advise on managing weight
Remove exacerbating drugs
Heart failure nurse referral
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

More specific measures in treatment of dilated cardiomyopathy

A 
Diuretics
Beta blockers
Anticoagulants
ACE inhibitor
ARB
Sprionolactone
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Prognosis of dilated cardiomyopathy

A

Generally poor and often influenced by the causes where known

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Restrictive and infiltrative cardiomyopathy

A

Inability to fill well a ventricle whose wall has reduced compliance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Aetiology of restrictive and infiltrative cardiomyopathy

A

Non-infiltrative - familial, diabetic, scleroderma
Infiltrative - amyloid, sarcoid
Storage diseases - haemaochromatosis
Endomyocardial - fibrosis, radiation, carcinoid, drugs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Investigation of restrictive and infiltrative cardiomyopathy

A 
ECG
Chest x-ray
N terminal pro Brain Natriuetic Peptide
Bloods - FBC, U+E
Echo
CMRI
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Specific measures for treatment of restrictive and infiltrative cardiomyopathy

A 
Limited diuretics use
Beta blockers
Limited ACE inhibitor use
Anticoagulants
Cardiac transplant
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Prognosis of restrictive and infiltrative cardiomyopathy

A

Poor unless reversible

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Features of dilated cardiomyopathy

A

Ventricular function is impaired

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Features of restrictive and infiltrative cardiomyopathy

A

Impaired filling, myocyte relaxation and potentially systolic function

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

A

Portion of heart becomes thickened

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Features of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

A

Impaired myocyte relaxation and abnormal systolic function

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Gene defect in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

A

Sarcomere - autosomal dominant but variable expression and incomplete penetrance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Pathology of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

Study These Flashcards
A

Myocyte hypertrophy and disarray - can be generalised, septal or apical
Impaired relaxation so restrictive
Small vessel narrowing - ischaemia, fibrosis, arrhythmias

22
Q

Symptoms of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

Study These Flashcards
A 
Asymptomatic
Fatigue
Dyspnoea
Anginas like chest pain
Exertional pre syncope
Syncope
Breathlessness
Palpitations
23
Q

Examination findings of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

Study These Flashcards
A 
Notched pulse pattern
Irregular pulse if in AF
Double impulse over apex
Thrills 
Murmurs
JVP raised
24
Q

Investigation of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

Study These Flashcards
A

ECG
Echo
CMRI
Risk stratification for SCD

25
General measures for hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
Avoid heavy exercise and dehydration Consider genetic testing Follow up
26
Specific measures for hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
``` Beta blockers Verapamil - CCB Disopryrimide Anticoagulant Surgical or alcohol septal ablation ICD if required ```
27
Myocarditis
Acute or chronic inflammation of the myocardium
28
Features of myocarditis
Can impair myocardial function, conduction and generate arrhythmia
29
Aetiology of myocarditis
Viral, bacterial, fungal or parasitic infection Toxins Hypersensitivity Autoimmune activation
30
Pathology of myocarditis
Infiltration of inflammatory cells into the myocardial layers
31
Symptoms of myocarditis
Heart failure Fatigue Shortness of breath Cerebral palsy
32
Investigation of myocarditis
``` ECG - abnormal Biomarkers elevated Echo CMRI - oedema Viral DNA pCR Auto antibodies ```
33
General measures of myocarditis
Support for brady and tachy arrhythmias Treatment of heart failure Immunotherapy if specific diagnosis identified Stop possible drugs or toxic agent exposure
34
Pericarditis
Inflammation of the pericardial layers with or without myocardial involvement
35
Aetiology of pericarditis
``` Idiopathic Viral or bacterial infection Autoimmune Trauma Congenital Neoplastic disease ```
36
Symptoms of pericarditis
Pleuritic chest pain | Fever
37
Signs of pericarditis
``` Raised temperature Raised JVP Muffled heart sounds Pericardial rub Very unwell ```
38
Investigation of pericarditis
ECG - ST elevation and PR depression Echo Troponin if myocardial involvement
39
General measures of pericarditis
Viral - let it pass Idiopathic - colchicine and NSAIDs (anti-inflammatory) Bacterial - antimicrobials Effusion - drain
40
Pericardial effusion may be
Cardiac tamponade
41
Aetiology of pericardial effusion
Viral or bacterial infection Neoplastic disease Autoimmune Trauma
42
Symptoms of pericardial effusion
Fatigue Shortness of breath Dizzy Chest pain
43
Signs of pericardial effusion
``` Pulsus paradoxus JVP raised Low blood pressure Pericardial rub Muffled heart sounds Pulmonary oedema ```
44
Investigations of pericardial effusion
Echo - key Chest x-ray - large cardiac shadow ECG - alteration of QRS complex
45
Treatment of pericardial effusion
Drainage Send for MCS, neoplastic cells, protein and LDH Persistent effusion - surgical pericardial window to allow flow to abdomen
46
Constrictive pericarditis
Chronic inflammation of pericardium causing thickening, fibrosis and muscle tightening
47
Aetiology of constrictive pericarditis
``` Idiopathic Radiation Post surgery Autoimmune Renal failure Sarcoid ```
48
Pathology of constrictive pericarditis
Impaired filling
49
Symptoms of constrictive pericarditis
Fatigue Shortness of breath Cough
50
Signs of constrictive pericarditis
``` Oedema High JVP Jaundice AF Pleural effusion Tricuspid regurgitation ```
51
Investigation of constrictive pericarditis
Echo | Right heart Cath
52
Treatment of constrictive pericarditis
Limited diuretics | Pericardiectomy

Cardiovascular System (27 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions