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Cardiopulm Final > cardiopulm week 13: pulm meds & venothromboembolism > Flashcards

cardiopulm week 13: pulm meds & venothromboembolism Flashcards

(46 cards)

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1
Q

What is blue and doesn’t weigh that much

A

LIGHT BLUE
HAHAHAHAH
Ight lock in

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2
Q

Which system does bronchodilation & dilation of vessels?

A

SNS

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3
Q

What cells produce mucus?

A

Goblet cells

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4
Q

What are the 3 main causes of abnormal tone?

A
  • Inflammation
  • Excessive PNS activity
  • Reduced SNS activity
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5
Q

What type of drug is used for anaphylaxis, acute asthma, & lower respiratory disorders?

A

Sympathomimetic agents

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6
Q

What type of receptors do sympathomimetic agents stimulate?

A

Beta2 adrenergic

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7
Q

How long does a short acting beta2 agonist (SABA aka rescue inhaler) work?

A

Works in 3-5 min & lasts 4-6 hrs

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8
Q

What drug is given in emergent situations to promote bronchodilation & increase BP?

A

Epi

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9
Q

What are some side effects of epi?

A
  • Tremors
  • Dizziness
  • HTN
  • Tachycardia
  • Heart palpitations
  • Angina
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10
Q

What are selective beta2 adrenergic agonists given via aerosol or tablet for COPD bronchospasms?

A
  • Albuterol, Salbutamol (SABA)
  • Formoterol, Salmeterol (LABA)
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11
Q

How long do long lasting beta2 agonists (LABA) work?

A

Work within 3-20 min & last 12 hrs

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12
Q

What are some common side effects of SABAs?

A
  • Cough
  • Tachycardia
  • Muscle tremor
  • Muscle contraction
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13
Q

Decongestants stimulate alpha-adrenergic receptor leading to what effect?

A

Vasoconstriction of capillaries within nasal mucosa

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14
Q

Where are alpha-adrenergic receptors found?

A

Blood vessels of gut, kidney, & stomach

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15
Q

What are some side effects of decongestants?

A
  • Dizziness
  • HTN
  • Nausea
  • Nervousness
  • Insomnia
  • Headaches
  • CV irregularities
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16
Q

Which nerve supplies parasympathetic input to lungs?

A

Vagus

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17
Q

Which neurotransmitter affects nicotinic & muscarinic receptors?

A

ACh

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18
Q

Parasympatholytics are used with anti-inflammatories to treat what?

A

Moderate to severe asthma

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19
Q

Where are muscarinic receptors located?

Study These Flashcards
A

Smooth muscle of bronchi

20
Q

Parasympatholytics facilitate bronchodilation or constriction?

21
Q

What are ipratropium and tiotropium an example of?

Study These Flashcards
A

Muscarinic antagonist

22
Q

What is the most common type of muscarinic antagonist?

23
Q

What are some side effects of atropine?

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A
  • Dry mouth/skin
  • Headaches
  • Tachycardia
  • Blurred vision
  • Rash
  • Decreased GI activity
  • Dizziness
  • Confusion
24
Q

What enzyme reduces intracellular levels of cAMP?

Study These Flashcards
A

Phosphodiesterase

25
What type of drug promotes an increase in cAMP by blocking its breakdown?
Methylxanthines (e.g., theophylline, aminophylline)
26
PDE inhibitors promote bronchodilation & vasodilation or constriction?
Dilation for both
27
What do methylxanthines promote to lower inflammation?
Prostaglandin inhibition
28
How do methylxanthines enhance catecholamine production?
Increase cAMP which is a precursor for norepinephrine & epinephrine
29
Methylxanthines stimulate CNS & skeletal muscle, increasing exercise tolerance via improved contractility & reduced fatigue of what?
Diaphragm
30
What are some side effects of methylxanthines?
- Chest pain/discomfort - Dizziness - Fainting - Fast, slow, irregular heartbeat - Increase in urine volume - Lightheadedness - Persistent vomiting - Pounding or rapid pulse - Seizures - Tremors
31
Taking corticosteroids can lead to edema, what syndrome is this?
Cushing's syndrome
32
What type of long acting effects do corticosteroids produce?
Immunosuppressive & anti-inflammatory
33
Describe corticosteroids' role as a bronchodilator.
Not a true bronchodilator but promotes this since it controls inflammation
34
How do corticosteroids reduce mucosal swelling & increase bronchial lumen size?
- Inhibition of lymphocytes, mast cells, & eosinophils - Reduced stickiness of polymorphonucleocytes - Increases beta receptor activity - Reduced bradykinin activity --> promotes bronchodilation - Inhibition of IgE & mast cell release of histamine
35
What are some side effects of corticosteroids?
- Water retention - Hyperglycemia - Osteoporosis - Increased risk of infection - Muscle atrophy - Growth retardation - Hypokalemia - Thrombus formation
36
If a patient has had more than 2 moderate exacerbations or more than 1 severe with mMRC score 0-1 & CAT < 10, what is the initial pharmacological treatment of choice?
LAMA
37
If a patient has had 0-1 moderate exacerbations with mMRC score of 0-1 & CAT < 10, what is the initial pharmacological treatment of choice?
A bronchodilator
38
If a patient has had more than 2 moderate exacerbations or more than 1 severe with mMRC greater or equal to 2 & CAT greater or equal to 10, what is the initial pharmacological treatment of choice?
- LAMA - LAMA + LABA - ICS + LABA
39
If a patient has had 0-1 moderate exacerbations with mMRC greater or equal to 2 & CAT greater or equal to 10, what is the initial pharmacological treatment of choice?
A long acting bronchodilator (LABA or LAMA)
40
What does mMRC measure? How about CAT?
- mMRC: Dyspnea - CAT: Symptoms of COPD
41
What 2 types of drugs stimulate respiratory centers & increase ventilation?
Sympathomimetics & methylxanthines
42
What are analeptics?
Drugs that specifically increase respiratory activity & can elicit dose-dependent convulsions
43
Dopram stimulates chemoreceptors in which arteries?
Carotid arteries
44
Describe levels of O2 & CO2 that would decrease breathing drive.
- High O2 - Low CO2 (mostly this)
45
What type of drugs are IV morphine, midazolam, propofol, diazepam, haloperidol?
Depressants
46
What are 2 treatment options for PE?
- Thrombolysis - Embolectomy

Cardiopulm Final (8 decks)

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