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Boards Prep > Cardiopulmonary > Flashcards

Cardiopulmonary Flashcards

1
Q

% of total lung volume - ERV

A

15

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2
Q

% of total lung volume - IRV

A

50

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3
Q

% of total lung volume - FRC

A

40

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4
Q

% of total lung volume - VC

A

75

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5
Q

% of total lung volume - RV

A

25

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6
Q

% of total lung volume - IC

A

60

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7
Q

% of total lung volume - TV

A

10

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8
Q

% of total lung volume - TLC

A

100

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9
Q

Average tidal volume

A

500 mL

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10
Q

Normal Cardiac Output at Rest

A

4.5-5L

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11
Q

Normal BP

A

<120/80

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12
Q

PreHTN

A

120-139/80-89

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13
Q

HTN 1

A

140-159/90-99

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14
Q

HTN 2

A

> 160/100

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15
Q

Normal blood pH

A

7.4 (7.35-7.45)

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16
Q

Normal PaCO2

A

40 mm Hg (35-45)

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17
Q

Normal PaO2

A

97 mm Hg (80-100)

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18
Q

Normal SaO2

A

95-98%

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19
Q

Anginal Pain Scale - 1

A

Mild, barely noticeable

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20
Q

Anginal Pain Scale - 2

A

Moderate, bothersome

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21
Q

Anginal Pain Scale - 4

A

Most severe or intense pain ever

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22
Q

ABI >1.30

A

Rigid arteries, need to check for PAD

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23
Q

ABI 1-1.30

A

Normal

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24
Q

ABI 0.8-0.99

A

Mild blockage, beginnings of PAD

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25
Q

ABI 0.4-0.79

A

Mod blockage, may have intermittent claudication pain with exercise

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26
Q

ABI

A

Severe blockage, severe PAD, may have claudication pain at rest

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27
Q

Location to auscultate Aortic area

A

2nd IC space, right sternal border

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28
Q

Location to auscultate pulmonic area

A

2nd IC space, left sternal border

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29
Q

Location to auscultate mitral area

A

5th IC space, medial to midclavicular line on left side of chest

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30
Q

Location to auscultate tricuspid area

A

4th IC space, left sternal border

31
Q

Normal HR - infant

A

100-130 bpm

32
Q

Normal HR - child

A

80-100 bpm

33
Q

Normal HR - adult

A

60-100 bpm

34
Q

Pulse - 3+

A

Large or bounding

35
Q

Pulse - 2+

A

Normal

36
Q

Pulse - 1

A

Small or reduced

37
Q

Pulse - 0

A

Absent

38
Q

FEV1/FVC indicative of obstructive impairment

A

<70%

39
Q

Normal FEV1

A

83%

40
Q

Normal FEV1/FVC

A

> 80%

41
Q

Anginal Pain Scale - 3

A

Moderately severe, very uncomfortable

42
Q

S1 heart sound

A

“Lub”

Closure of AV valves at onset of ventricular systole

43
Q

S2 heart sound

A

“Dub”

Closure of semilunar valves at onset of ventricular diastole

44
Q

S3

A

“Ventricular gallop”
Abnormal in adults - HF
Normal in children
Vibration of distended ventricle during rapid filling during diastole

45
Q

S4 heart sound

A

“Atrial gallop”
Abnormal - HTN, stenosis, heart disease
Vibration of ventricular wall during ventricular filling and atrial contraction

46
Q

1st* Heart Block

A

PR interval > 0.2 sec
No major issues
May be med driven (digitalis, beta blockers, Ca2+ channel blockers)

47
Q

2nd* heart block

A

Intermittent failure of conductance between atria and ventricles
Mobitz I - PR interval lengthens until impulse not conducted (generally not an issue)
Mobitz II - PR same and normal (may lower CO, may progress to 3rd* heart block)

48
Q

3rd* heart block

A

All impulses at AV node blocked
Atria and ventricles paced independently
Emergency, requires pacemaker

49
Q

Lung percussion sounds - flat or dull

A

Similar to sound elicited by percussing thigh mm.

In the upper lung, suggests neoplasm, atelectasis or consolidation of the lung

50
Q

Lung percussion sounds - resonance

A

Normal lung

51
Q

Lung percussion sounds - hyperresonance

A

Intermediate between resonance and tympany

Suggests emphysema or pneumothorax

52
Q

Lung percussion sounds - tympany

A

Hollow sound

Suggests large pneumothorax

53
Q

Pulse measurement - time to measure for regular rhythm

A

15 seconds

54
Q

Pulse measurement - time to measure for irregular rhythm

A

60 seconds

55
Q

Palpating dorsalis pedis pulse

A

Between 1st and 2nd MT bones

56
Q

Rate Pressure Product

A

SBP * HR

Can be useful for those with stable angina in determining exercise rx - keep below RPP eliciting angina

57
Q

Waist circumference - CVD, DM risk cutoff score

A

> 102 cm/40” for men
88 cm/35” for women
When exceeding these values, risk level one category higher than individual’s BMI indicates

58
Q

CPR compression rate

A

At least 100/min

59
Q

CPR compression depth - adults

A

At least 2”

60
Q

CPR compression depth - children

A

At least 1/3 A/P depth

61
Q

CPR compression depth - infants

A

At least 1/3 A/P depth

62
Q

CPR Compression to ventilation ration - adults

A

30:2

63
Q

CPR Compression to ventilation ration - children and infants

A

30: 2 if one rescuer
15: 2 if two rescuers

64
Q

CPR ventilation with advanced airway

A

1 breath every 6-8 sec, 8-10 every minute

65
Q

ECG - P wave signifies what?

A

Atrial depolarization

66
Q

ECG - PR interval

A

Time for atrial depol to conduct from SA to AV node

0.12-0.20 seconds

67
Q

ECG - QRS complex

A

Ventricular depol, atrial repol

Normal duration 0.06-0.10 sec

68
Q

ECG - QT interval

A

Time for ventricular depol and repol

Normal 0.20-0.40 sec

69
Q

ECG - ST segment

A

Isoelectric period following QRS when ventricles depol’ed

70
Q

T wave

A

Ventricular repolarization

71
Q

Waist to hip ratio

A 
Measurement:
-> Hip circumference at widest of
buttocks
-> Waist circumference over
abdomen at narrowest diameter –
iliac crest  costal margin
>0.90 for men = obese
>0.85 for women = obese
72
Q

Healthy body fat %

A

12-18% for males

18-23% for females

73
Q

Muscle atrophy in older adults

A

Sarcopenia

Type 2 affected more than type 1

74
Q

Acute MI and ECG changes

A

Acute myocardial infarction is associated with either ST elevation or ST depression

Boards Prep (16 decks)

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