Cardiorespiratory System

Question 1

Space between lungs that contains internal organs of the chest except lungs

Answer 1

mediastinum

Question 2

3 types of muscle

Answer 2

cardiac, skeletal, smooth

Question 3

What are intercalated discs?

Answer 3

hold muscle cells together during contraction, create electrical connection between cells for heart to contract as a whole unit

Question 4

typical resting HR

Answer 4

70-80 BPM

Question 5

Location of Sinoatrial (SA) Node

Answer 5

right atrium

Question 6

Function of Sinoatrial (SA) Node

Answer 6

“pacemaker”, initiates electrical impulses that determine HR

Question 7

Pathways of signal from Sinoatrial (SA) Node to Atrioventricular (AV) Node

Answer 7

internodal pathways

Question 8

Function of Atrioventricular (AV) Node

Answer 8

receives heartbeat impulses from SA Node and directs them to the ventricle walls

Question 9

Which side of the heart is referred to as the pulmonic side?

Answer 9

right - because it receives deoxygenated blood and pumps to lungs

Question 10

Which side of the heart is referred to as the systemic side?

Answer 10

left - because it receives oxygenated blood from body

Question 11

What is stroke volume?

Answer 11

amount of blood pumped out with each contraction

Question 12

SV = __ - __

Answer 12

ventricular end-diastolic volume (EDV) - end-systolic volume (ESV)

Question 13

What is end-diastolic volume (EDV)?

Answer 13

filled volume of the ventricle before contraction

Question 14

What is end-systolic volume (ESV)?

Answer 14

residual volume of blood remaining in ventricle after ejection

Question 15

Typical EDV?

Answer 15

120mL

Question 16

Typical ESV?

Answer 16

50mL

Question 17

Typical stroke volume (SV)?

Answer 17

70mL

Question 18

Cardiac Output (Q) =

Answer 18

HR x SV

Question 19

What is Cardiac Output (Q)?

Answer 19

amount of blood pumped through the heart in 1 min (mL blood/minute)

Question 20

NASM recommended area to check HR

Answer 20

radial pulse

Question 21

How to calculate a client’s HR

Answer 21

Finger on radial pulse, count beats for 6 seconds, add a 0 to that number

Question 22

Function of RBCs

Answer 22

carry oxygen from lungs –> body

Question 23

Function of WBCs

Answer 23

fight infection

Question 24

Function of platelets

Answer 24

assist in clotting

Question 25

Average adult amount of blood in body

Answer 25

4-6 L

Question 26

Blood transports;

Answer 26

heat throughout body, oxygen and nutrients, waste products from tissues, hormones to organs and tissues

Question 27

Blood regulates;

Answer 27

body temperature and acid balance

Question 28

Blood protects;

Answer 28

excessive bleeding by platelets clotting, specialized immune cells to fight disease

Question 29

Blood flow through heart:

Answer 29

Superior vena cava --> right atrium --> tricuspid valve --> right ventricle --> pulmonary valve --> right/left pulmonary arteries --> lungs --> pulmonary veins --> left atrium --> mitral valve --> left ventricle --> aortic valve --> aortic arch --> brachiocephalic trunk/left common carotid artery/left subclavian artery

Question 30

Blood pressure (BP) =

Answer 30

systolic pressure / diastolic pressure

Question 31

Two groups of respiratory passages

Answer 31

1. conducting airways | 2. respiratory airways

Question 32

Function of conducting airway passage

Answer 32

contains all structures that air travels through before entering the respiratory airways. Purify, humidify, and warm or cool air to match body temp

Question 33

Function of respiratory airway passage

Answer 33

collect the channeled air coming from conducting airways, allow gases to be transferred in/out of bloodstream

Question 34

What is resting oxygen consumption (Vo2) ?

Answer 34

use of oxygen by the body at rest

Question 35

Fick Equation formula

Answer 35

Cardiac Output (Q) x arterial-venous difference

Question 36

What is the Fick formula?

Answer 36

formula for oxygen consumption

Question 37

What is the best way to measure cardiorespiratory fitness?

Answer 37

maximal oxygen consumption (Vo2 max) - highest rate of O2 transport and utilization during maximal exercise

Question 38

Respiratory muscles used during times of stress and anxiety

Answer 38

secondary - scalenes, pectoralis minor

Question 39

Respiratory muscles used during normal/resting breathing

Answer 39

primary - diaphragm, external intercostals