Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Community And Wellness > Cardiovascuar Health > Flashcards

Cardiovascuar Health Flashcards

1
Q

What is cardiovascular disease?

A

Can refer to a number of conditions
CHD
Stroke
Peripheral artery disease
Heart failure
MI

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease? (ASCVD)

A

Acute coronary syndromes
History of MI
Stable or unstable angina
Etc
Presumed to be of atheroscleortic origin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is the leading cause of death for men and women?

A

Heart disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

How many people die from heart disease/

A

One person dies every 34 seconds
697,000 Americans die (1 in every 5 deaths)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are the important risk factors for heart disease/

A

HTN
Hyperlipidemia
Smoking

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the #1 for primary prevention of heart disease?

A

Promote a healthy lifestyle throughout life

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the #2 for primary prevention of heart disease?

A

A team-based care approach is an effective strategy for prevention of cardiovascular disease
-evaluate the social determinants

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the #3 for primary prevention of heart disease?

A

Adults 40 to 75 yoa evaluate
-10 year atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What does the ASCVD risk calculator over estimate for?

A

Hispanic and Asians

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What does the ASCVD under estimate for ?

A

American Indian population

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is borderline and intermediate for the 10 year ASCVD risk calculator?

A

Borderline: 5-7.5%
Intermediate: 7.5-20%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the #4 for primary prevention of heart disease?

A

All adults should consume a healthy life-style
-emphasizes vegetables, fruits, nuts
-minimizes trans fats
-overweight and obesity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is the #5 for primary prevention of heart disease?

A

At least 150 minutes per week of moderate- intensity PA OR
75 minutes per week of vigorous intensity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the #6 for primary prevention of heart disease?

A

Adults with T2DM
-improve diet
-exercise
-metformin is first-line therapy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

When should a diabetic be considered for SGLT-2 inhibitor or GLP-1R agonist?

A

If their HbA1C is not less than 7% after lifestyle changes and metformin
-and they have CVD risks

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is the #7 for primary prevention of heart disease?

A

Assess tobacco use with every healthcare visit

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is the leading preventable cause of death?

A

Tobacco

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is the #8 for primary prevention of heart disease?

A

Aspirin
-used infrequently for primary prevention of ASCVD bc of no net benefit

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Should adults with a >10% CVD risk use aspirin?

A

No, no net benefit
-those with low bleeding risk are more likely to benefit

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is the #9 for primary prevention of heart disease?

A

Statin therapy is the first-line treatment for primary prevention of ASCVD
-low-density lipoprotein cholesterol >190mg/dL
-diabetes
-40 to 75 yoa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What is the #10 for primary prevention of heart disease?

A

Non pharmacological interventions are recommended for all adults with elevated blood pressure or HTN

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What is the target BP when using pharmacological interventions?

A

<130/80mm Hg

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What does the AAP recommended for screening for cholesterol levels?

A

Begin 9-11 then again 17-21
May start at age 2 if FHx of hyperlipidemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What does the AHA recommend for screening for cholesterol levels?

A

screen all adults >20 yoa
>40 calculate 10 year risk assessment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What is the UPToDate screening recommendations for cholesterol

A

Adults with high CVD risk
-males between 25 to 30
-females between 30 to 35
Adults with low CVD risk
-males at 35
-females at 45

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

When should lipoprotein levels be obtained?

A

9 to 12 hour fast

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

What are the levels of desirable, borderline high, and high total cholesterol?

A

Desirable: <200mg/dL
Borderline high: 200-239mg/dL
High: >240mg/dL

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

What are the levels for low and high HDL cholesterol

A

Low: <40mg/dL (dangerous)
High: >60mg/dL

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

What are the optimal and high levels of LDL cholesterol?

A

Optimal: <100mg/dL
High: 160-189mg/dL

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

What are the levels for normal, borderline high, high, and very high serum triglycerides?

A

normal: <150mg/dL
borderline high: 150-199mg/dL
High: 200-499mg/dL
Very high: >500mg/dL

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

What tests should be used for lipoprotein levels if the patient was not fasting?

A

Total cholesterol and HDL
*fasting is required is TC>250 or HDL<40

32
Q

If someone has a LDL level of >190mg/dL what medication should they be on?

A

High intensity statin

33
Q

10 year ASCVD risk of <5% low risk, what is the risk discussion?

A

Empathize lifestyle to reduce risk factors

34
Q

10 year ASCVD risk of <5% to 7.5% borderline risk, what is the risk discussion?

A

Moderate intensity statin therapy

35
Q

10 year ASCVD risk of 7.5% to <20%% intermediate risk, what is the risk discussion?

A

Moderate intensity statin to reduce LDL-C
-by at least 30%-49%

36
Q

10 year ASCVD risk of >20% high risk, what is the risk discussion?

A

Statin to reduce LDL-C by
>50%

37
Q

What is the #1 take home message for cholesterol?

A

Empathizes a heart-healthy lifestyle in all individuals

38
Q

What is the #2 take home message for cholesterol?

A

Patients with clinical ASCVD, reduce low-density lipoprotein cholesterol LDL-C
-with high intensity statin
-lower LDL-C by >50%

39
Q

What is the #3 take home message for cholesterol?

A

Very high-risk of ASCVD, use a LDL threshold of 70mg/dL to consider addition of non statins to stain therapy
-Add ezetimibe
-Add PCSK9 inhibitor

40
Q

What is the #4 take home message for cholesterol?

A

Patients with severe primary hypercholesterolemia (LDL-C levels >190mg/dL)
-begin high-intensity statin therapy
-without calculating 10 year ASCVD risk

41
Q

What happens if the LDL-C levels remains >100mg/DL?

A

Add ezetimibe
-if patient with multiple risk factors add PCSK( inhibitor

42
Q

What is the #5 take home message for cholesterol?

A

Patients 40 to 75 years with DM and LDL-C >70mg/dL
-start a moderate-intensity statin therapy
-without calculating 10 year ASCVD risk

43
Q

What is the #6 take home message for cholesterol?

A

Adults 40 to 75 yoa evaluated for primary ASCVD prevention
-have a clinician-patient risk discussion before starting statin therapy

44
Q

What is the #7 take home message for cholesterol?

A

Adults 40 to 75 years without DM and LDL-C levels >70mg/dL
-WITH 10 year risk of >7.5%
-Starts a moderate-intensity statin

45
Q

What should you do if the risk status of ASCVD is uncertain?

A

Use a coronary artery calcium (CAC) to improve specificity

46
Q

What should the LDL-C levels be reduced by if statin are initiated?

A

> 30%
If 10 year risk>20%: reduce by >50%

47
Q

What is a CAC? (Coronary artery calcium) score

A

A test that will measure the amount of calcium in the arteries of the heart
-estimates someones risk of developing heart disease

48
Q

What is the #8 take home message for cholesterol?

A

Adults 40 to 75 years WITHOUT DM and a 10 year risk of 7.5% to 19.9%
-start statin therapy

49
Q

What is the #9 take home message for cholesterol?

A

Adults 40 to 75 years without DM with LDL-C levels >70mg/dL to 189mg/dL at a
- 10 year ASCVD risk of
->7.5% to 19.9%
-consider CAC

50
Q

What is the #10 take home message for cholesterol?

A

Re-test lipid measurement 4 to 12 weeks
-after statin initiation or dose adjustment
-repeated every 3 to 12 months as needed

51
Q

What are the high-Intensity statins? (>50%)

A

Atorvastatin 40 to 80mg
Rosuvastatin 20-40mg

52
Q

What are the moderate-intensity statins? (30-49%)

A

Atorvastatin 10 to 20mg
Rosuvastatin 5-10mg
Simvastatin 20-40mg

53
Q

What are the low-intensity lipids?

A

Simvastatin 10mg

54
Q

What is the leading causes of death in the US?

A

Heart disease and stroke

55
Q

What is normal blood pressure?

A

<120/80

56
Q

What is elevated blood pressure?

A

120-129 (systolic)
<80 (diastolic)

57
Q

What is HTN stage 1?

A

130-139 (systolic)
80-89 (diastolic)

58
Q

What is HTN stage 2?

A

140 or higher (systolic)
90 or higher (diastolic)

59
Q

What is hypertensive crisis?

A

Higher than 180 (systolic)
Higher than 120 (diastolic)

60
Q

What is recommended to have to confirm the diagnosis of HTN?

A

Out-of-office BP measurements

61
Q

What the different types of out-of-office self monitoring BP?

A

ABPM (ambulatory blood pressure monitoring ): best test
-set intervals, 24hrs
HBPM (home blood pressure monitoring)
-Patient takes
-more practical

62
Q

what are the characteristics of ABPM?

A

Set intervals, 24 hrs
Obtain readings every 15-30 mins a day

63
Q

What is masked hypertension?

A

Normal in office, but out-of-office consistently elevated

64
Q

What is white coat hypertension?

A

Elevated office BP but normal readings when measured outside the office with either ABPM or HBPM

65
Q

What is sustained hypertension?

A

Elevated both in and out of office

66
Q

What is secondary hypertension?

A

HTN caused by another medical condition

67
Q

What are common reasons for secondary hypertension?

A

Renovascular disease
Obstructive sleep apnea

68
Q

What can you expect from every 1kg weight reduction

A

A decrease of 1mm Hg

69
Q

Treatment options for elevated BP (120-129/<80mm Hg)

A

Nonpharmacoloical therapy
-reasses in 3-6 months

70
Q

What is the treatment options for stage 1 hypertension (130-139/80-89mm Hg)

A

ASCVD >10%
YES= nonpharmacological therapy and BP-lowering medication
- reassess in 1 month
NO= nonpharmacological therapy
-reasses in 3-6 months

71
Q

What is the treatment options for stage 2 hypertension? (BP >140/90mm Hg)

A

Non-pharmacological therapy and BP lowering medication
-reassess in 1 month

72
Q

When would a 2 drug therapy for hypertension be used?

A

> 20/10 mmHg above goal

73
Q

What do the ACE inhibitors end in?

A

Pril

74
Q

What do the ARB’s end in?

A

Sartans

75
Q

What do the CCB dihydropyridines end in/

A

Dipine

76
Q

What is metabolic syndrome?

A

> 3 of the following
1. Fasting glucose >100mg/dL
2. Waist >40 men >35 women
3. HDL-C <40 men ,50 women
4. BP >130 systolic, >85 diastolic
5. TG >150 mg/dL

77
Q

If you have metabolic syndrome what is the greater chance for?

A

Future CVD

Community And Wellness (39 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions