Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Community And Wellness > Contraception And Family Planning > Flashcards

Contraception And Family Planning Flashcards

1
Q

Wha are the mechanisms of action for contraceptions?

A

-Inhibiting the development and release of the egg
-Imposing a mechanical, chemical, or temporal barrier between sperm and egg

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is the def of secondary mechanism for contraception?

A

Alter the ability of the fertilized egg to implant and grow
*emergency

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Can antibiotics decrease the efficacy of contraception?

A

NO

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the pearl index?

A

The measure of unintended pregnancies from 100 women during 1 year of contraceptive use
*lower the score the lower the amount of unintended pregnancy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is the def of typical (actual) failure rate

A

Failure rate seen with the method when it is actually used by the patients
*takes into account mistakes or noncompliance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the def of method failure rate?

A

Patient is using the method perfectly
*but the method is failing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

When taking estrogen what does that increase the risk of?

A

Blood clots

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the purpose of contraceptions?

A

They inhibit ovulation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

When will the lining of the uterus shed?

A

When progesterone levels drop

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

When does ovulation occur?

A

When luteinizing hormone is at its peak
*LH recruits a follicle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are combination pills made with?

A

Estrogen ad progestin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is in the estrogen component of a combination pill

A

Ethinyl estradiol or newer estradiol valerate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is in the progestin component of a combination pill

A

One of the 19-nortestosterone or spironolactone derivative

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the MOA of a combination pill?

A

Suppresses the pituitary production of FSH and LH

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the MOA of progesterone?

A

-Provides the major contraceptive effect
-suppresses secretion of LH and in turn ovulation
*thickens cervical mucus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is the MOA of Estrogen?

A

Suppresses secretion of FSH
Prevents maturation of a follicle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is breakthrough bleeding?

A

Spotting
*Bleeding that occurs outside the normal menstrual cycle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is antithrombin III (ATIII)

A

-A potent inhibitor of the coagulation cascade
*can cause clotting

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What are the effects of progestin/

A

Increase sebum
Stimulate the growth of facial hair and body hair
Induce smooth muscle relaxation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What are the “Phasic” regimens of (OCP)

A

Monophasic
*same dose in each pill each day
*21 days, 7 days placebo
Biphasic
*Same amount of estrogen each day
*Progestin dose is increased halfway
Triphasic
*three varying doses of hormones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What are continuous regimens of OCP?

A

Extends the cycle to every 3 months
*shorter and less frequent menses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What is the 365 day pill?

A

Amethyst
*28 active pills
*no placebo pills
*no menstrual cycle for the year

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What is the progestin only pill?

A

Mini-pill
*camila, Errin, jolivette, Heather, and micronor
*Makes cervical mucus thick

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

When should progestin only pills be used?

A

Lactating women
*If not exclusively breastfeeding may become pregnant while on the pill
Women over age 40

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What group of women are contraindicated to estrogen?

A

At risk CVD
Smokers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

What are some disadvantages of POP

A

-Must be taken at the same time each day
*>3 hours late when taking the pill, the backup method should be used

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

What are some OCP advantages

A

Reduces the risk of iron-deficiency anemia
Lower incidence of endometrial and ovarian cancer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

What are OCP disadvantages

A

Venous thrombosis
*clotting
Hepatic tumors
Cholestasis and gallbladder disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

When does breakthrough bleeding occur?

A

MC reason when discontinuing OCP
*MC during first 3 months of use
*counsel to expect irregularities

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

What is the only proven antibiotic that can reduce the efficacy of OCP

A

Rifampin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

What is a first day start?

A

If you start bleeding take the pill
*provides the maximum contraceptive effect

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

What is a Sunday start?

A

Start first Sunday after menses onset
*use secondary form for first 7 days

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

What is a quick start?

A

Start on the day it is prescribed
*back-up form for 7 days
*confirm the patient is not pregnant

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

What are some contraindications of OCP?

A

Women over 35 years who smoke
Migraine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

What does the transdermal patch contain?

A

Estrogen and progestin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

How long is the patch effective for?

A

The entire week
*start patch during the first 5 days
*replace weekly for 3 weeks
*4th week is patch-free

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

Where should the patch be placed?

A

Butt
Upper outer arm
Lower abdomen
NOT the breast

38
Q

What is the weight limit for the patch?

A

90kg
*caution when prescribing above
*decreased efficacy with obesity
CI
*BMI>30kg/m2

39
Q

What does the nuvaring contain?

A

Releases estrogen and progestin daily
*left in place for 3 week at the start of menses
*remove for 1 week

40
Q

How long can the ring be taken out without altering the efficacy?

A

3 hours

41
Q

What does the Depo shot contain?

A

150mg of progestin
*given IM or SC every 3 months
*given within the first 5 days of current menstrual period

42
Q

What can the Depo shot correlate with when on for long periods of time?

A

Bone concerns
*osteoporosis

43
Q

What is the MOA of DMPA? Depot medroxyprogesterone acetate

A

Thickens the cervical mucus
*Progestin is high enough to block the LH surge

44
Q

Wha are some side effects of DMPA

A

Weight gain
Irregular menstrual pattern
Delayed return to fertility
*14-24 months

45
Q

Who should DMPA be given to?

A

Younger patients
Older patients

46
Q

What are some indication for taking DMPA?

A

Only have progestin
-breastfeeding
-women with seizure disorders
-sickle cell anemia

47
Q

What does nexplanon contain?

A

Daily dose of progestin
*MOA thickening the cervical mucus
*irregular bleeding can continues

48
Q

How long is Nexplanon good for?

A

3 years

49
Q

What is the only reliable and non permanent method of contraception available to men?

A

Condoms

50
Q

What type of condoms protect against HIV?

A

Latex

51
Q

How can condoms be damaged?

A

By oil-based lubricants

52
Q

If there is breakage of a condom when should emergency contraceptions be used?

A

Within 120 hours

53
Q

What is the physical barrier- Diaphragm

A

Must be applied with spermicide
*into the vagina, over the cervix, and behind the public symphysis

54
Q

When should the diaphragm be inserted?

A

Up to 6 hours before intercourse
*left in place 6-8 hours after
*max 24 hours

55
Q

What is the common size of a diaphragm

A

75mm
*must be fitted by a HCP

56
Q

What is a cervical cap?

A

Smaller version of a diaphragm

57
Q

How long can a cervical cap be left in place for?

A

6 hours after, max 48 hours

58
Q

Does spermicide need to be apply for repeat intercourse?

A

No

59
Q

What is a contraceptive sponge?

A

A small, pillow-shaped sponge containing spermicide
*fits over the cervix

60
Q

How long can a contraceptive sponge be left in place for?

A

6 hours after intercourse
Up to 30 hours

61
Q

What are spermicides?

A

MC active ingredient: nonoxynol-9
Put into vagina against cervix
*10-30 minutes before each act of intercourse

62
Q

What is the max effectiveness for spermicides?

A

No more than 1 hour

*douching should be avoided for at least 8 hours

63
Q

What is one of the MC used and safe methods of interval contraception worldwide?

A

Intrauterine devices (IUD)

64
Q

What do some IUD contain?

A

Levonorgestrel
Copper

65
Q

What is the MOA of levonorgestrel-containing IUD

A

Thickens the cervical mucus and creates an unfavorable uterine environment

66
Q

What are the common IUD name containing levonorgestrel and their lifespan

A

Mirena: 8 years
Liletta: 6 years
Kyleena: 5 years
Skyla: 3 years

67
Q

What do copper IUD contain?

A

Copper
*non-hormonal
*acts like spermicide

68
Q

What is the lifespan of a copper IUD?

A

10 years

69
Q

Which has more risks copper IUD or levonorgestrel

A

Copper

70
Q

What are some IUD risks?

A

Bacterial infection
Risk of expulsion (2-10%)
*greatest during first few months

71
Q

When will an IUD be inserted?

A

Anytime during the cycle as long as pregnancy can be excluded

72
Q

When can a post-partum woman be re-inserted with an IUD

A

6 weeks after
*may be used by breastfeeding women

73
Q

What are the different methods of family planning

A

Calendar
Basal body temperature
Cervical mucus
Symptothermal
Lactational amenorrhea

74
Q

Describe the calendar method

A

-A patient needs to chart cycles over the course of 6 months
First day of fertility
*subtract 18 from the length of the shorten cycle
Last day of fertility
*subtract 11 days from the length of the longest cycle

75
Q

Describe the basal body temperature method

A

Based temperature changes that occur around ovulation
*must be checked upon awakening

76
Q

What does a risk of 0.5-1.0 degrees indicate?

A

Ovulation

77
Q

Describe the cervical mucus method?

A

When the mucus appears thin and stretchy
*called spinnbarkeit
Fertile period is
*first signs of mucus and continues until 4 days after the peak day

78
Q

Describe the symptothermal method

A

Combines cervical mucus and basal body temperature methods

Fertile period is from
*sing of ovulation until 3 days after temperature rise or 4 days after peak mucus

79
Q

What is lactational amenorrhea?

A

Using exclusively breastfeeding as a contraceptive method
*suckling is associated with elevated prolactin levels, amenorrhea *suppresses GRH from hypothalamus

80
Q

What is the Yuzpe method (emergency contraception)

A

A combination of estradiol 100mcg plus levonorgestrel r-McGee regimen
Multiple OCP from a cyclic pack

81
Q

What is plan B

A

Progestin only
*levonorgestrel alone is more effective

82
Q

What is Plan B (the morning after pill)

A

Contain two 0.75 mg tablets to be taken 12 hours apart
*taken ASAP but within 72 hours of coitus

83
Q

What is plan b (one step)

A

Contains one pill
*1.5mg levonorgestrel
*available over the counter without age restriction as of 2011

84
Q

Describe the antiprogestins

A

Ella- Ulipristal acetate 30mg
*Rx only
*can be taken up to 5 days after unprotected sex

85
Q

Can a copper IUD be used as an emergency form of contraception

A

Yes (off-label use of ECP)
*very effective
*pregnancy test is required
*needs to be inserted 5 days after unprotected sex

86
Q

What are the different types of sterilizations called?

A

Male:
*Vasectomy
Female
*tubal ligation
*Essure (not used)

87
Q

Is a vasectomy immediate sterilization?

A

No
*multiple ejacultion are required
*azoospermia is confirmed by semen analysis
*checked at 8-10 weeks

88
Q

What is a laparoscopy?

A

Blockage of the Fallopian tubes
*clips, excision, electrocautery

89
Q

What is a minilaparotomy

A

Blockage by excision of all or part of the Fallopian tubes
*usually done after pregnancy
*clips, rings,cautery
*immediate sterilization

90
Q

What is a hysteroscopy?

A

Trans cervical approach to sterility
*essure
Titanium spring is inserted into the tubal Ostia bilaterally

91
Q

When have elective abortions been legalized?

A

Since 1973

Community And Wellness (39 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions