Cardiovascular

Question 1

Apical Pulse

Answer 1

5th intercostal space at midclavicular line

Question 2

Bruit

Answer 2

blood flow turbulece common in carotid

Question 3

Clubbing

Answer 3

change in toenails and fingernails due to lack of bloodflow (CF, heart disease)

Question 4

Dysrhythmia

Answer 4

Improper beating of heart

Question 5

Edema

Answer 5

swelling caused by excess fluid in bodily tissues

Question 6

Gallop

Answer 6

third heart sound after the dub

Question 7

Heave

Answer 7

rolling heart sound

Question 8

Lift

Answer 8

pulse that lifts fingers

Question 9

Murmur

Answer 9

whooshing or swooshing due to turbulent blood in the heart

Question 10

Precordium

Answer 10

front of the chest wall over the heart

Question 11

Syncope

Answer 11

temporary loss of consciousness

Question 12

Thrill

Answer 12

vibrations from fast continuous flowing blood (purring of a cat)

Question 13

Turgor

Answer 13

pressure exerted by fluid in a cell

Question 14

What are some examples of subjective data for a cardiovascular assessment?

Answer 14

chest pain and tightness?
shortness of breath and dyspnea?
cough?
fatigue?
cyanosis and pallor?
edema?
family history?
medications?

Question 15

What are some examples of objective data for a cardiovascular assessment?

Answer 15

inspect
palpate
percuss
auscultate

Question 16

What is inspected with diaphragm during CV assessment?

Answer 16

jugular vein distension - indicates central venous pressure
best to assess in fowlers position
indication of right ventricle heart failure
congestive heart failure
take apical pulse at the apex
(intercostal space changes from 4 to 5) at age 7
heaves and lifts can indicate heart failure and problems

Question 17

What are you palpating for?

Answer 17

heaves, lifts, thrills, bruits
Order of Palpation:
Aorta
Tricuspid
Pulmonic
Erb's Point
Mitral

Question 18

What is auscultated with a cardiovascular assessment?

Answer 18

Check for pulse deficit with diaphragm and bell
S1 - “lub”, start of systole, closure of av valves (separate ventricles from atria) louder than S2
S2 - “dub” louder at base of heart, closure of semilunar valves (aorta and pulmonary artery), start of diastole
Adventatious heart sounds

Question 19

What is a split S2?

Answer 19

end of inspiration, T-dub, aortic and pulmonary valves, close at different times
maybe normal in kids and abnormal in adults

Question 20

What is a click?

Answer 20

mitral valve prolapse

Question 21

What is the S3 sound?

Answer 21

L lateral position - use bell at apex
dull soft sound
distant thunder
follows S2

Question 22

What is the S4 sound?

Answer 22

Atria contracts late in diastole, because of less compliance before S1

Question 23

Murmurs (cont.)

Answer 23

Graded I-VI 
Swishing
Common in peds - fever and leaky valves
I is hard to hear
VI is loud

Question 24

Pericardial Friction Rub

Answer 24

use diaphragm

post MI common

Question 25

Lifespan Considerations

Answer 25

increase in pulse in pregnancy
aging adult - due to lifestyle S3 is absent
See Jarvis pg. 485
check patient’s carotid with bell (listen for bruits)

Question 26

What are some health promotion and patient teaching points?

Answer 26

No smoking
Heart healthy diet
How are they coping?
Regular exercise (30 min/day) - 5 days a week
Hypertension: meds? lifestyle?

Question 27

Infants normal heart rhythm?

Answer 27

100-180 beats/min
120-140 beats/min in older infants
when crying 170 beats/min
sleeping 70-90 beats/min

tachy: neonates >200, infants >150
brady: neonates <90, infants <60