cardiovascular

Question 1

is the vagus nerve medial or lateral to the phrenic nerve

Answer 1

medial

Question 2

what is the order of the great vessels of the heart from right to left

Answer 2

superior vena cava -> aorta -> pulmonary trunk

Question 3

where does the tricuspid valve sit in relation to the surface of the heart

Answer 3

deep to the coronary groove which contains the right coronary artery

Question 4

what marks the boundary between the two ventricles on the anterior surface of the heart

Answer 4

anterior interventricular groove

contains left anterior descending branch of the left coronary artery

Question 5

where does the posterior interventricular artery arise from and where is it located

Answer 5

branch of the right coronary artery, sits in the posterior interventricular groove

Question 6

what are the two main branches of the right coronary artery

Answer 6

• right marginal artery

- posterior interventricular artery

Question 7

where is the left coronary artery found

Answer 7

the left atrioventricular groove

Question 8

what are the four main branches of the left coronary artery

Answer 8

• left circumflex artery
• left anterior descending artery
• left marginal artery
• lateral/diagonal branch

Question 9

what vessels drain into the right atrium

Answer 9

• superior vena cava
• inferior vena cava
• coronary sinus

Question 10

what is the name of the depression in the right atrium

Answer 10

fossa ovalis - embryological remnant of the foramen ovale

Question 11

what represent the boundary between the smooth and rough parts of the right atrium

Answer 11

crista terminalis

Question 12

where is the location of the sinoatrial node

Answer 12

right atrium, just below the opening for the SVC

Question 13

what connects the cusps of heart valves to the heart wall

Answer 13

chordae tendineae

Question 14

chordae tendineae are anchored to the heart wall by what

Answer 14

papillary muscles

Question 15

where would you auscultate the aortic valve

Answer 15

2nd intercostal space, right sternal edge

Question 16

where would you auscultate the pulmonary valve

Answer 16

2nd intercostal space, left sternal edge

Question 17

where would you auscultate the tricuspid valve

Answer 17

4th intercostal space, left sternal edge

Question 18

where would you auscultate the mitral valve

Answer 18

5th intercostal space, left mid-clavicular line

Question 19

where is the transthoracic plane

Answer 19

line between the sternal angle and the T4/5 intervertebral disc (separates the superior and inferior mediastinum)

Question 20

where does the vagus nerve perforate the diaphragm

Answer 20

T10 with the oesophagus

Question 21

where does the azygous vein drain into

Answer 21

superior vena cava

Question 22

what is the first branch of the aorta

Answer 22

coronary arteries

Question 23

what are the three branches that come off the arch of the aorta

Answer 23

• brachiocephalic trunk
• left common carotid artery
• left subclavian artery

Question 24

what are the bilateral branches of the descending aorta

Answer 24

posterior intercostal arteries

Question 25

where is the venous angles located

Answer 25

the junction between the subclavian and internal jugular veins

Question 26

what lymph nodes are located at the bifurcation of the trachea

Answer 26

tracheobronchial lymph nodes

Question 27

what lymph nodes are located at the bifurcation of the main bronchi into lobar bronchi

Answer 27

bronchopulmonary lymph nodes

Question 28

where is the left venous angle located

Answer 28

left sternoclavicular joint, between the left subclavian and internal jugular veins

Question 29

where does the vagus nerve lie in relation to the lung root/hilum

Answer 29

posterior

Question 30

where does the phrenic nerve lie in relation to the lung root/hilum

Answer 30

anterior

Question 31

from lateral to medial, what is the order of the nerves in the superior mediastinum

Answer 31

phrenic -> vagus -> recurrent laryngeal

Question 32

where does the right recurrent laryngeal nerve hook under

Answer 32

right subclavian artery, does not enter the chest

Question 33

where does the left recurrent laryngeal hook under

Answer 33

arch of the aorta/ligamentum arteriosum, does enter the chest

Question 34

the right and left recurrent laryngeal nerves are branches of what nerve

Answer 34

vagus nerve

Question 35

lymph from the inferior lobe of the left lung can drain into which lymphatic duct

Answer 35

right lymphatic duct

Question 36

what are the structures of the posterior mediastinum from anterior to posterior

Answer 36

- brachiocephalic veins + SVC - arch of aorta - trachea - oesophagus - thoracic duct

Question 37

what is the rough part of the atrium called

Answer 37

pectinate muscles/musculi pectinati

Question 38

what is the rough part of the ventricles called

Answer 38

trabeculae carneae