Cardiovascular

Question 1

What is systole?

Answer 1

contraction of the ventricles as blood is ejected from the right ventricle into the pulmonary artery and from the left ventricle into the aorta

Question 2

what diastole

Answer 2

passive filling of ventricles followed by contraction of the atria

Question 3

What does S1 sound represent?

Answer 3

the closure of the AV valves.

Question 4

what is the S2 sound?

Answer 4

the closure of the aortic and pulmonic valves

Question 5

What is the S3 sound?

Answer 5

diastolic motion and rapid filling of the ventricles in early diastole

Question 6

What is the S4 sound?

Answer 6

atrial contraction in late diastole to enure the ejection of remaining blood.

Question 7

Where does the electrical impulse originate

Answer 7

In the SA note

Question 8

What is anginal chest pain

Answer 8

substernal. precipitated by exertion. relieved by rest and medication

Question 9

What is stable chest pain

Answer 9

occurs in repetitive pattern. precipitated by exertional demands. greater than 30 seconds to a few minutes.

Question 10

what is unstable chest pain

Answer 10

occurs in escalating pattern. last less than 20 minutes. takes long to resolve and needs IV medication

Question 11

what is pleural chest pain

Answer 11

occurs with respiration and coughing

Question 12

what can syncope with chest pain indicate?

Answer 12

myocardial ischemia or gastrointestinal disorder

Question 13

what chronic disease can increase risk of cardiovascular disorder?

Answer 13

hypertension, obesity, diabetes mellitus, and hyperlipidemia

Question 14

which childhood illness can lead to valvular damage

Answer 14

rheumatic fever

Question 15

What are the grades of pulses?

Answer 15

4+ Bounding
3+ Full, increased
2+ Expected
0+ absent

Question 16

What are the scales of pitting edema?

Answer 16

4+ severe
3+ Moderate
2+ Mild
1+ Trace

Question 17

What test is preformed to check status for possible abg test?

Answer 17

Allen’s test with the hands.

Question 18

Where to auscultate first?

Answer 18

2nd intercostal space on R side of sternum (aortic)

Question 19

Where do you auscultate the pulmonic

Answer 19

2nd intercostal space on the L side

Question 20

What can hear high pitch heart sounds?

Answer 20

Diaphragm

Question 21

What can hear low pitch heart sounds?

Answer 21

Bell of stethoscope

Question 22

Where do you auscultate erb’s point?

Answer 22

3rd intercostal space on L side

Question 23

Where do you auscultate triscupid?

Answer 23

4th intercostal space on L side

Question 24

Where do you auscultate mitral?

Answer 24

5th intercostal space on L side

Question 25

What are the three layers of cardiac muscles

Answer 25

epicardium, myocardium, endocardium

Question 26

what are the AV valves?

Answer 26

Tricuspid and Mitral

Question 27

What is the purpose of the AV valves?

Answer 27

to prevent blood flow in the atria during ventricular contraction

Question 28

What are the semilunar valves?

Answer 28

pulmonic and arotic valves

Question 29

What do the semilunar valves do/.

Answer 29

close to prevent backflow of blood.

Question 30

mitral regurgitation (murmurs best heard?)

Answer 30

apex to the left sternal border.

Question 31

tricuspid regurgitation (murmurs) best heard?

Answer 31

best heard at the level between third and fifth intercostal space

Question 32

ventricular septal defect (murmur) best heard?

Answer 32

best heard at the left sternal border between third to fifth intercostal space

Question 33

aortic stenosis (murmur) best heard?

Answer 33

2nd intercostal space

Question 34

pulmonic stenosis (murmur) best heard?

Answer 34

2nd intercostal space left side

Question 35

Myocardial Infarction significant history

Answer 35

sudden angina, pain that radiate to arm, shoulder, or neck

Question 36

myocardial infarction diagnostic

Answer 36

12 lead, CK-MB, troponin

Question 37

Aortic Dissection significant history

Answer 37

sudden tearing chest pain, HX of hypertension

Question 38

Aortic Dissection diagnostic

Answer 38

echo, CT scan

Question 39

Pericarditis significant history

Answer 39

pain worsen with cough

Question 40

Arterial Insufficiency Pulse

Answer 40

Decreased/absent

Question 41

Venous Insufficiency Pulse

Answer 41

Normal

Question 42

Arterial Insufficiency Edema

Answer 42

Absent or Mild

Question 43

Venous Insufficiency Edema

Answer 43

Significant

Question 44

Arterial Insufficieny pain

Answer 44

Severe

Question 45

Venous Insufficiency pain

Answer 45

absent/mild

Question 46

arterial insufficiency temperature

Answer 46

cool

Question 47

venous insufficiency temperature

Answer 47

normal

Question 48

arterial insufficiency color

Answer 48

pallor with elevation; dusky red on dependency

Question 49

venous insufficiency color

Answer 49

hyperpigmentated; cyanotic on dependency

Question 50

arterial insufficiency skin

Answer 50

think, atrophic, risk of gangrene

Question 51

venous insufficiency skin

Answer 51

thick; risk of stasis ulcer

Question 52

S/S of DVT

Answer 52

swelling, tenderness, inflammation

Question 53

Diagnostic study for DVT

Answer 53

calf measurement, doppler,