cardiovascular

Question 1

circulation

Answer 1

difference in direction of blood flow

Question 2

pulmonary circulation

Answer 2

from rt side of heart to lungs and back, exchanges CO2 for O2

Question 3

systemic circulation

Answer 3

from left side of heart to body and back, exchanges O2 for CO2

Question 4

conduction

Answer 4

electrical impulse which causes myocardium contraction
- SA node > atrial contracts > AV node > ventricular contraction

Question 5

blood pressure

Answer 5

pressure exerted by the blood against the walls of arteries/veins
- written as a ratio of 120/80
- high bp (hypertension) 140/90

Question 6

systole

Answer 6

ventricular contraction
- top number
- pulmonary and aortic valves are open
-increase in blood volume = increase in pressure

Question 7

diastole

Answer 7

• ventricular relaxation
  -tricuspid and bicuspid are open

Question 8

sphygmomanometer

Answer 8

blood pressure cuff

Question 9

pulse

Answer 9

throbbing of arteries due to ventricular contraction
- normal 60-90 bpm
-blood from ventricles pushing into pipes
-increase in volume of blood

Question 10

most common pulse point

Answer 10

radial

Question 11

must be taken with a stethoscope

Answer 11

apical

Question 12

pulse used for blood pressure

Answer 12

brachial

Question 13

stress test

Answer 13

test to check for blockages of coronary artery system
-recreate angina to test
-treadmill

Question 14

angiogram

Answer 14

used to locate blockage of artery

Question 15

cardiac catherization

Answer 15

tube that runs up from groin to coronary arteries
-inject dye and watch it profuse

Question 16

echocardiogram

Answer 16

ultrasound of the heart

Question 17

interventional cardiologist

Answer 17

preforms balloon angioplasties and angiograms

Question 18

cardiothoracic surgeon

Answer 18

does open heart surgery
- transplants and bypass

Question 19

holter monitor

Answer 19

portable ekg that monitors electrical impulses through the heart

Question 20

EKG

Answer 20

measures electrical signals through the heart

Question 21

defibrillation

Answer 21

shaking the heart to stop it so it can correct itself and beat normally
-via AED

Question 22

pacemaker

Answer 22

internal defibrillator and regulates heart rate

Question 23

coronary artery bypass graft

Answer 23

bypassing blocked artery with another artery taken from somewhere else in patient
- “detour”
- “making another artery”

Question 24

heart transplant

Answer 24

treatment for CHF

Question 25

balloon angioplasty w/stent

Answer 25

use balloon to open up clogged artery - minimally invasive - if anything reclogs, no more stents

Question 26

angiotesin-converting (ACE) inhibitor

Answer 26

dilates blood vessels

Question 27

anticoagulant

Answer 27

reduces blood clotting

Question 28

antihypertensive

Answer 28

reduce blood pressure

Question 29

antiarrythmic

Answer 29

restores rhythm to heart

Question 30

calcium channel blocker

Answer 30

dilates blood vessels

Question 31

diuretic

Answer 31

makes kidneys urinate out excess fluid

Question 32

digitoxin/digitalis

Answer 32

strengthens the contraction of the heart

Question 33

aneurysm

Answer 33

localized enlargement of an artery - result of a weakened arterial wall from plaque -blood flow/ circulation not affected

Question 34

angina

Answer 34

severe chest pain due to ischemia of myocardium, usually happens during exertion

Question 35

congestive heart failure (CHF)

Answer 35

end stage heart disease - ventricles are so damaged, they can’t pump blood effectively anymore

Question 36

atherosclerosis

Answer 36

fat plaque (atheroma) that adheres to and hardens arteries, causes arteriosclerosis (narrowing of artery)

Question 37

arrhythmia

Answer 37

absence of rhythm in heartbeat -can result in fibrillation - early childhood - mid 20’s - electrical/nervous system problem

Question 38

bradycardia

Answer 38

slow heart rate

Question 39

tachycardia

Answer 39

fast heart rate

Question 40

shock

Answer 40

sudden drop in bp resulting in inadequate venous return - blood is not coming back into vena cava - could be caused by hemorrhage

Question 41

embolus

Answer 41

circulating blood clot - can cause instant death if in pulmonary - most vulnerable people are post surgery -anesthesia can cause blood to pool

Question 42

thrombus

Answer 42

blood clot that got stuck inside a blood vessel

Question 43

heart murmur

Answer 43

abnormal heart sound due to a valve problem - blood can regurgitate/backwash - valve replacement surgery can be done with pig/cow valve

Question 44

auscultation

Answer 44

listening to heart via stethoscope

Question 45

hypertension

Answer 45

diagnosis of high blood pressure

Question 46

myocardial infarction

Answer 46

heart attack, blockage of a coronary artery which results in death of myocardium - least harmful is in the right distal coronary artery

Question 47

cholesterol

Answer 47

main purpose is to repair blood vessels HDL + LDL should be less than 200 LDL goes to repair damaged blood vessel, not enough HDL to bring it out will form plaquing of WBC and LDL in veins