Special Senses Pathology

Question 1

Cataract

Answer 1

Clouding of the lens from abnormal protein deposits
- no pain/discomfort, just clouded vision
- Treatment is artificial or cadaver

Question 2

Diabetic Retinopathy

Answer 2

Ruptured capillaries inside of eye from untreated diabetes that can result in progressive vision loss
- if vessel ruptures in back of eye, vision will get worse

Question 3

Ectropion

Answer 3

Eversion of eyelid (common in elderly)

Question 4

Entropion

Answer 4

Inversion of eyelid

Question 5

Glaucoma

Answer 5

Disease where intraocular pressure causes damage to retina and optic nerve
- idiopathic
- can cause blindness
- Medicated drops treat it
- No pain with pressure

Question 6

Hordeolum

Answer 6

Inflammation of oil gland in eyelid (sty)

Question 7

Macular Degeneration

Answer 7

Progressive, age related degeneration of the macula
- Progressively worse vision because of degeneration
- no treatment

Question 8

Refractive disorders

Answer 8

Disorders from irregularly shaped cornea or lens that affects the way light enters the eye and also shape of the eye

Question 9

Astigmatism

Answer 9

Defective curvature of cornea producing blurry vision

Question 10

Hyperopia

Answer 10

Condition of shortened eyeball shape, results in farsightedness ; can’t see up close

Question 11

Myopia

Answer 11

Condition of elongated eyeball shape, can’t see far away ; nearsightedness

Question 12

Presbyopia

Answer 12

Farsightedness in old people due to reduced elasticity in lens

Question 13

Retinal Detachment

Answer 13

Emergency condition of eye which the retina spontaneously pulls away from choroid layer of blood vessels
- Blindness will occur if not repaired immediately

Question 14

Strabismus

Answer 14

Misalignment of eyes due to muscle weakness
- Usually in kids (crossed eyes, lazy eyes)
- Can correct itself
- Surgery pulls muscle tight

Question 15

Acoustic Neuroma

Answer 15

Benign tumor that grows on auditory nerve ; results in hearing loss, ringing in ears, and balance problems

Question 16

Cholesteatoma

Answer 16

A cyst in middle ear consisting of skin cells and cerumen
- can damage ossicles without treatment

Question 17

Conductive Deafness

Answer 17

Due to ossicles not functioning properly due to scarring of joints (overuse and abuse)
- Can be due to headphones
- TX hearing aids

Question 18

Nerve deafness

Answer 18

From damage to cochlea or auditory nerve, or born with it. Aka sensorineural hearing loss
- TX cochlear implants

Question 19

Impacted cerumen

Answer 19

wax that gets so concentrated and stuck deep in auditory canal

Question 20

Meniere’s disease

Answer 20

Back up of fluid in cochlea and canals producing vertigo. Excess fluid in vestibulocochlear area
- TX Lymphatic thinner | diuretic

Question 21

Tinnitus

Answer 21

Ringing in ears

Question 22

Vertigo

Answer 22

Dizziness
- Idiopathic, give anti nausea or antianxiety

Question 23

Otitis media

Answer 23

“ear infection” Infected fluid in inner ear, ear is not draining as it should. Eustachian tube not draining down to throat properly
- TX antibiotics or tubes, which drain fluid outwards and eventually pop out on their own

Question 24

Orthorhinolaryngologist

Answer 24

ENT, MD

Question 25

Audiologist

Answer 25

Not an actual medical doctor

Question 26

Ishihara color vision test

Answer 26

Checks for color blindness

Question 27

Visual Acuity Test

Answer 27

Snellen, Letters on chart

Question 28

Visual Field test

Answer 28

for glaucoma

Question 29

Audiometry

Answer 29

headphones with beep test

Question 30

LASIK

Answer 30

(laser in situ keratomy) laser correction of refractive disorder

Question 31

Opthalmoscope

Answer 31

instrument used to see inside eye