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Pharm- Exam 3 > Cardiovascular > Flashcards

Cardiovascular Flashcards

(103 cards)

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1
Q

What is the prototype for Direct Renin Inhibitor

A

Aliskiren

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2
Q

In what patient is DRI contraindicated?

A

Diabetics taking ARBs and Pregnant Patients

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3
Q

What is Aliskiren typically prescribed for?

A

patients with hypertension

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4
Q

When giving a patient Aliskiren in pellets what is important patient education

A

do NOT crush or chew

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5
Q

What lab values should be monitored when a patient is taking Aliskiren

A

Sodium and Potassium levels

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6
Q

Whats the major adverse effects when taking Aliskiren

A
  • Hypotension
    -Angioedma
  • Hyperkalemia
    -Hyponatremia
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7
Q

What the major adverse effects when taking Aliskiren

A
  • Hypotension
    -Angioedma
  • Hyperkalemia
    -Hyponatremia
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8
Q

What is the MOA of an ACE inhibitor

A

Blocks angiotensin 1 from converting into angiotensin 2 causing vasodilation. Blockage of aldosterone causing sodium and water excretion

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9
Q

Which patients would likely be presecribed ACE inhibtors

A

Hypertension
Heart Failure
Diabetic Neuropathy

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10
Q

In what patient is ACE inhibtors contradicted in and what is their black box warning

A

Pregnant patients
Can cause fetal harm or death

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11
Q

What is ACE inhibitors prototype?

A

Captopril

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12
Q

Adverse side effects of captopril?

A

Cough
Neutropenia
Proteinuria (protein in urine)
Angioedema

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13
Q

What kind of toxicity can come from ACE inhibitors?

A

Lithium toxicity

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14
Q

What is the MOA of angiotensin II receptor blocker

A

Block angiotensin II produce vasodilation and vascular resistance

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15
Q

In what patients would you administer ARB’s?

A

Diabetics for neuropathy and patients wiht hypertension

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16
Q

A patient taking ARB’s must do what before stopping this medication?

A

Receive permission from their provider

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17
Q

ARBS black box warning

A

No indicated to use during pregnancy

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18
Q

What is ARBS prototype

A

Losartan

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19
Q

What adverse side effects can losatran cause ?

A

Hypotension
Hyperkalemia
Protienuria

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20
Q

What is aldostrone antagonist MOA

A

Blocks receptors for aldestrone

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21
Q

In what case would you administer Epleronone

A

Heart failure and hypertension

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22
Q

What is Aldosterone antagonist prototype

A

Eplerenone

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23
Q

In what situation Aldosterone antagonist be given?

A

Heart failure and hypertension

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24
Q

After giving captopril what theraputic effects will you expect to see?

A

Dcresed BP and fluid volume

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25
What is Beta 1 antagonist prototype
Metoprolol
26
Before administering metoprolol what must be checked
apical pulse rate , must be greater than 60
27
MOA of beta I blocker and what a higher dose can cause
Beta I receptors in the heart and will affect beta two receptors in the lungs in high doses
28
After giving metoprolol what effects do you expect to see?
Decreased HR and decreased BP
29
Adverse side effects of metoprolol
hypotension and worsening heart failure
30
What is the MOA for calcium channel blockers
slow influx of calcium ions in the heart, relaxing smooth muscle to cause vasodilation
31
In what patients would you consider administering calcium channel blockers
patients experiencing tachycardia, dyrthimias, hypertension and angina
32
A patient taking a Diltiazem should follow what medication regimen?
Take at the same time daily
33
In what ways can Diltiazem be administered?
PO,IV
34
After giving Diltiazem what effects do you want to see in your patient?
The reduced workload of heart(heart slows down_) Increase perfusion to the heart
35
Adverse affects of Diltiazem? (4)
Worsening first degree heart block Worsening heart failure Syncope Edema
36
What patients would benefit from alpha 2 agonist
Hypertension , and ADHD
37
MOA of alpha 2 agonist
vasodilation causing decreased BP , increased blood flow to kidneys , and decreased afterload
38
Patients taking Clonidine should aviod ?
Alcohol and other CNS depressants
39
A patient who stops clonidine abruptly may experience what?
Rebound hypertension
40
What adverse side effects are seen with Clonidine
sedation and rebound hypertension
41
Alpha 2 agonist prototype?
Clonidine
42
What is the prototype for vasodilators ?
Hydralazine
43
MOA for hydralazine?
UNKNOWN
44
What would you administer hydralazine for ?
In patients with hypertension
45
Hydralazine can cause what other health issues?
Autoimmue SLE(LUPUS)
46
What should patients be aware of while taking hydralazine?
Monitor weight , asses for edma
47
Adverse effects of hydralazine
Nasal congestion, disorentation ,tremors/tingling
48
After taking hydralazine what do you want to see in your patient?
decrease peripheral vascular resistance and decreased cardiac workload
49
What is the prototype for Antianginal nitrates
Nitroglycerin
50
What would you educate your patient on prior to administering nitroglycerine
-Do NOT smoke while taking this medication -Sit down while taking this medication - Store in a dark air tight container -DO NOT crush or chew this medication
51
What is the MOA of nitroglycerin?
Vasodilation and relaxation of smooth muscle to decrease the demand of the heart.
52
Why would a patient take nitroglycerin?
To relieve pain related to stable angina
53
How much nitroglycerine can a patient take in a 5 minute span?
3 SL every 5 minutes
54
What adverse side effect would you see in patient who is taking nitroglycerine
hypotension, palpations, headache
55
What is the prototype for Cardiac Glycoside
Digoxin
56
What is the patient teaching you would give before administering digoxin
s/s of digoxin toxicity, vison changes and pulse monitoring
57
What adverse side effects would you see in a patient taking digoxin
Bradycardia, Arrhythmia and gynecomastia
58
A patient experiencing afib or heart failure is most likely to be given what medication?
Digoxin
59
MOA of digoxin
influx of calcium into cardiac cells causing muscles to contract more effectively
60
What medication causes the force of the heartbeat to increase while decreasing the heart rate
Digoxin
61
In what population is antilipemic contraindicated?
Pregnant and breast feeding people
62
What is the HMG-Coa Inhibitor prototype?
Atovastatin (Lipitor)
63
What food item is not permitted while taking atrovastatin ?
grapefruits
64
What can both Ezetimibe and Atorvastatin cause?
Muscle spams ( rhabdomyolysis , myalgia)
65
What medication works in liver to reduces cholesterol synthesis reducing LDL cholesterol and inhibits HMG-CoA ?
Atorvastatin
66
What medication blocks the absorption of cholesterol in the small intestines
Ezetimibe
67
What medication(s) reduce LDL and treat hyperlipidemia
Atrovastatin and Ezetimibe
68
What food is not permitted while taking Ezetimibe
grapefruit
69
What diuretic is typically given to patients with heart failure as a maintenance medication?
Spironolactone (Potassium Sparing Diuretic )
70
Which diuretic can cause HYPERkalemia
Spironolactone
71
MOA for furosemide(lasix)
LOOP diuretic inhibiting absorption of Na and Cl in the loop of henie
72
What diuretic can cause ototoxicity
furosemide (lasix)
73
MOA for hydrochlorothiazide ?
promotes excretion of Na and water near the distal tubal
74
What is the prototype for Thiazide Diuretic
Hydrochlorothiazide
75
What diuretic can cause photosensitivity and not recommended for patients with anuria?
Hydrochlorothiazide
76
What diuretic improves pulmonary function in cystic fibrosis patient
Mannitol
77
Which diuretic is intended to reduce intracranial pressure and intraocular pressure
Mannitol
78
what brain injury can Mannitol NOT treat?
brain bleed
79
MOA for mannitol?
Elevates plasma osmolality causing water to flow FROM the brain
80
what is osmotic diuretics prototype
Mannitol
81
What do anti-arrhythmic do?
treat irregular heartbeats
82
Which anti-arrhythmic is a calcium channel blocker?
Diltiazem
83
A patient experiencing superventricular tachycardia is likely to be administered what medication?
Diltiazem
84
Diltiazem can cause what adverse effects?
The NEGATIVE inotropic effect? (decreasing the heart force), Worsen AV heart block
85
MOA of Diltiazem?
slowing the influx of calcium
86
what anti-arrhythmic is not permitted for patients who have had a MI 2nd or 3rd-degree heart block or sick sinus syndrome?
Diltiazem
87
Which anti-arrhythmic is the potassium channel blocker?
Amiodarone
88
MOA for Amiodarone
blocking potassium channels in cardiac cells
89
which anti-arrhythmic black box warning is pulmonary exacerbation , liver injury and heart block
Amiodarone -
90
which anti-arrhythmic is not indicated for pregnant women?
Amiodarone
91
what is sotalol black box warning?
can cause arrhythmias
92
which anti-arrhythmic MOA is to prolong the cardiac action potential?
Sotalol
93
What pt education is important before administering sotalol?
Can mask hypoglycemia and increasing cold sensitivity
94
a patient with a history of thrombocytopenia and myasthenia gravis should avoid what anti-arrhythmic?
Quinidine
95
which anti-arrhythmic is as sodium channel blocker?
Quinidine
96
MOA of quinidine
Slows conduction and prolongs depolarization by decreasing sodium influx
97
Adverse side-effect of Quinidine
Prolong QT interval and ventricular arrhythmia
98
how is adenosine given and what kind of situation would you use it in?
given bolus for EMERGENCY situations
99
which anti-arrhythmic slows conduction through AV node and restores sinus rhythm
Adenosine
100
a patient may experience extreme discomfort during the administration of what anti-arrhythmic medication?
Adenosine
101
Adverse side effects of Adenosine?
Prolong asystole
102
which anti-arrhythmic may cause a cease in the EKG for a few seconds?
Adenosine
103
what medication can affect other CYP450 inhibitors ?
Eplerenone

Pharm- Exam 3 (3 decks)

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